Sedlar Nejc, Irwin Amy, Martin Douglas, Roberts Ruby
School of Psychology, William Guild Building, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2UB, United Kingdom.
School of Psychology, William Guild Building, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2UB, United Kingdom.
J Safety Res. 2023 Feb;84:290-305. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2022.11.005. Epub 2022 Nov 18.
The concept of normalization of deviance describes the gradual acceptance of deviant observations and practices. It is founded upon the gradual desensitization to risk experienced by individuals or groups who recurrently deviate from standard operating procedures without encountering negative consequences. Since its inception, normalization of deviance has seen extensive, but segmented, application across numerous high-risk industrial contexts. The current paper describes a systematic review of the existing literature on the topic of normalization of deviance within high-risk industrial settings.
Four major databases were searched in order to identify relevant academic literature, with 33 academic papers meeting all inclusion criteria. Directed content analysis was used to analyze the texts.
Based on the review, an initial conceptual framework was developed to encapsulate identified themes and their interactions; key themes linked to the normalization of deviance included risk normalization, production pressure, culture, and a lack of negative consequences.
While preliminary, the present framework offers relevant insights into the phenomenon that may help guide future analysis using primary data sources and aid in the development of intervention methods.
Normalization of deviance is an insidious phenomenon that has been noted in several high-profile disasters across a variety of industrial settings. A number of organizational factors allow for and/or propagate this process, and as such, the phenomenon should be considered as an aspect of safety evaluations and interventions.
偏差正常化的概念描述了对异常观察和行为的逐渐接受。它基于个人或群体对风险的逐渐脱敏，这些人反复偏离标准操作程序却未遭遇负面后果。自提出以来，偏差正常化已在众多高风险行业环境中得到广泛但零散的应用。本文描述了对高风险行业环境中偏差正常化这一主题的现有文献进行系统综述的情况。
检索了四个主要数据库以识别相关学术文献，有33篇学术论文符合所有纳入标准。采用定向内容分析法对文本进行分析。
基于该综述，开发了一个初步的概念框架以概括所识别的主题及其相互作用；与偏差正常化相关的关键主题包括风险正常化、生产压力、文化以及缺乏负面后果。
尽管该框架尚属初步，但它为这一现象提供了相关见解，可能有助于指导未来使用原始数据源进行的分析，并有助于开发干预方法。
偏差正常化是一种潜伏性现象，在各种行业环境中的几起重大灾难中都有体现。一些组织因素促成和/或助长了这一过程，因此，应将这一现象视为安全评估和干预的一个方面。
