Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
Center for Population Biology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
Sci Rep. 2023 Mar 4;13(1):3673. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-30194-x.
Plant microbiomes depend on environmental conditions, stochasticity, host species, and genotype identity. Eelgrass (Zostera marina) is a unique system for plant-microbe interactions as a marine angiosperm growing in a physiologically-challenging environment with anoxic sediment, periodic exposure to air at low tide, and fluctuations in water clarity and flow. We tested the influence of host origin versus environment on eelgrass microbiome composition by transplanting 768 plants among four sites within Bodega Harbor, CA. Over three months following transplantation, we sampled microbial communities monthly on leaves and roots and sequenced the V4-V5 region of the 16S rRNA gene to assess community composition. The main driver of leaf and root microbiome composition was destination site; more modest effects of host origin site did not last longer than one month. Community phylogenetic analyses suggested that environmental filtering structures these communities, but the strength and nature of this filtering varies among sites and over time and roots and leaves show opposing gradients in clustering along a temperature gradient. We demonstrate that local environmental differences create rapid shifts in associated microbial community composition with potential functional implications for rapid host acclimation under shifting environmental conditions.
植物微生物组依赖于环境条件、随机性、宿主物种和基因型身份。鳗草（Zostera marina）是一种独特的植物-微生物相互作用系统，作为一种在生理上具有挑战性的环境中生长的海洋被子植物，其环境包括缺氧沉积物、潮汐低潮时周期性暴露在空气中、以及水清澈度和流动的波动。我们通过在加利福尼亚州博德加港的四个地点之间移植 768 株植物，测试了宿主起源与环境对鳗草微生物组组成的影响。在移植后的三个月内，我们每月在叶片和根部采样微生物群落，并对 16S rRNA 基因的 V4-V5 区域进行测序，以评估群落组成。叶片和根部微生物组组成的主要驱动因素是目的地；宿主起源地的影响相对较小，持续时间不超过一个月。群落系统发育分析表明，环境过滤结构了这些群落，但这种过滤的强度和性质在不同地点和时间以及根和叶之间存在差异，并且在温度梯度上呈现出相反的聚类梯度。我们证明，当地环境差异导致相关微生物群落组成的快速变化，这可能对宿主在不断变化的环境条件下快速适应具有潜在的功能意义。
