Institute of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mataram, 83126 Mataram, Indonesia.
Institute of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; ELKH-USZ Biologically Active Natural Products Research Group, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
Fitoterapia. 2023 Apr;166:105466. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105466. Epub 2023 Mar 3.
Homalanthus species are native to tropical Asia and the Pacific region. This genus, comprising 23 accepted species, received less scientific attention compared to other genera of the Euphorbiaceae family. Seven Homalanthus species, such as H. giganteus, H. macradenius, H. nutans, H. nervosus, N. novoguineensis, H. populneus, and H. populifolius, have been reported to treat various health problems in traditional medicine. Only a few Homalanthus species have been investigated for their biological activities, including antibacterial, anti-HIV, anti-protozoal, estrogenic, and wound-healing activities. From a phytochemical point of view ent-atisane, ent-kaurane, and tigliane diterpenoids, triterpenoids, coumarins, and flavonol glycosides were found to be characteristic metabolites of the genus. The most promising compound is prostratin, isolated from H. nutans, with anti-HIV activity and the ability to eradicate the HIV reservoir in infected patients by mechanism of protein kinase C (PKC) agonist. This review provides information on traditional usage, phytochemistry, and biological activity of the genus Homalanthus with the aim to delineate future research directions.
同源兰属物种原产于热带亚洲和太平洋地区。与大戟科的其他属相比，该属包含 23 个被认可的物种，受到的科学关注较少。有 7 种同源兰属物种，如巨型同源兰、大叶同源兰、垂序同源兰、多刺同源兰、新几内亚同源兰、普通同源兰和普通叶同源兰，已被报道在传统医学中用于治疗各种健康问题。只有少数同源兰属物种的生物活性得到了研究，包括抗菌、抗 HIV、抗原生动物、雌激素和伤口愈合活性。从植物化学的角度来看，发现了具有特征代谢物的-ent-atisane、ent-kaurane 和 tigliane 二萜、三萜、香豆素和黄酮醇糖苷。最有前途的化合物是从垂序同源兰中分离得到的 prostratin，具有抗 HIV 活性，并通过蛋白激酶 C（PKC）激动剂的机制能够清除感染患者体内的 HIV 储存库。本综述提供了同源兰属的传统用途、植物化学和生物活性方面的信息，旨在描绘未来的研究方向。
