Shen Hongxin, Huang Hong, Jiang Zhimei
Department of Pharmacy, Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China.
Front Pharmacol. 2023 Feb 16;14:1145551. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1145551. eCollection 2023.
Radiotherapy remains the mainstay treatment for a variety of cancer forms. However, the therapeutic efficiency of radiation is significantly limited by several aspects, including high radiation resistance caused by low reactive oxygen species concentrations and a low absorption rate of radiation by tumor tissue, inappropriate tumor cell cycle and tumor cell apoptosis, and serious radiation damage to normal cells. In recent years, nanoparticles have been widely used as radiosensitizers due to their unique physicochemical properties and multifunctionalities for potentially enhancing radiation therapy efficacy. In this study, we systematically reviewed several nanoparticle-based radiosensitization strategies for radiation therapy use, including designing nanoparticles that upregulate the levels of reactive oxygen species, designing nanoparticles that enhance the radiation dose deposit, designing chemical drug-loaded nanoparticles for enhancing cancer cell sensitivity to radiation, designing antisense oligonucleotide gene-loaded nanoparticles, and designing nanoparticles using a unique radiation-activable property. The current challenges and opportunities for nanoparticle-based radiosensitizers are also discussed.
放射疗法仍然是多种癌症形式的主要治疗方法。然而，放射治疗的疗效受到几个方面的显著限制，包括低活性氧浓度导致的高放射抗性、肿瘤组织对辐射的低吸收率、不适当的肿瘤细胞周期和肿瘤细胞凋亡，以及对正常细胞的严重辐射损伤。近年来，纳米颗粒因其独特的物理化学性质和多功能性而被广泛用作放射增敏剂，以潜在地提高放射治疗效果。在本研究中，我们系统地综述了几种基于纳米颗粒的放射增敏策略在放射治疗中的应用，包括设计上调活性氧水平的纳米颗粒、设计增强辐射剂量沉积的纳米颗粒、设计负载化学药物以增强癌细胞对辐射敏感性的纳米颗粒、设计负载反义寡核苷酸基因的纳米颗粒，以及利用独特的辐射可激活特性设计纳米颗粒。还讨论了基于纳米颗粒的放射增敏剂目前面临的挑战和机遇。
