Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Front Immunol. 2023 Feb 17;14:1125395. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1125395. eCollection 2023.
Adipose tissue is a widely distributed organ that plays a critical role in age-related physiological dysfunctions as an important source of chronic sterile low-grade inflammation. Adipose tissue undergoes diverse changes during aging, including fat depot redistribution, brown and beige fat decrease, functional decline of adipose progenitor and stem cells, senescent cell accumulation, and immune cell dysregulation. Specifically, inflammaging is common in aged adipose tissue. Adipose tissue inflammaging reduces adipose plasticity and pathologically contributes to adipocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, and ultimately, adipose tissue dysfunction. Adipose tissue inflammaging also contributes to age-related diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. There is an increased infiltration of immune cells into adipose tissue, and these infiltrating immune cells secrete proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Several important molecular and signaling pathways mediate the process, including JAK/STAT, NFκB and JNK, etc. The roles of immune cells in aging adipose tissue are complex, and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. In this review, we summarize the consequences and causes of inflammaging in adipose tissue. We further outline the cellular/molecular mechanisms of adipose tissue inflammaging and propose potential therapeutic targets to alleviate age-related problems.
脂肪组织是一种广泛分布的器官，作为慢性非传染性低度炎症的重要来源，在与年龄相关的生理功能障碍中起着关键作用。随着衰老，脂肪组织发生多种变化，包括脂肪库重新分布、棕色和米色脂肪减少、脂肪祖细胞和干细胞功能下降、衰老细胞积累以及免疫细胞失调。具体来说，脂肪组织的炎症衰老很常见。脂肪组织的炎症衰老降低了脂肪组织的可塑性，并在病理上导致脂肪细胞肥大、纤维化，最终导致脂肪组织功能障碍。脂肪组织的炎症衰老也与糖尿病、心血管疾病和癌症等与年龄相关的疾病有关。免疫细胞浸润到脂肪组织中增加，这些浸润的免疫细胞分泌促炎细胞因子和趋化因子。几个重要的分子和信号通路介导这一过程，包括 JAK/STAT、NFκB 和 JNK 等。免疫细胞在衰老脂肪组织中的作用是复杂的，其潜在机制在很大程度上尚不清楚。在这篇综述中，我们总结了脂肪组织炎症衰老的后果和原因。我们进一步概述了脂肪组织炎症衰老的细胞/分子机制，并提出了潜在的治疗靶点，以减轻与年龄相关的问题。
