Diabetes. 2022 Jan 1;71(1):23-30. doi: 10.2337/dbi21-0013.
Age-related immunosenescence, defined as an increase in inflammaging and the decline of the immune system, leads to tissue dysfunction and increased risk for metabolic disease. The elderly population is expanding, leading to a heightened need for therapeutics to improve health span. With age, many alterations of the immune system are observed, including shifts in the tissue-resident immune cells, increased expression of inflammatory factors, and the accumulation of senescent cells, all of which are responsible for a chronic inflammatory loop. Adipose tissue and the immune cell activation within are of particular interest for their well-known roles in metabolic disease. Recent literature reveals that adipose tissue is an organ in which signs of initial aging occur, including immune cell activation. Aged adipose tissue reveals changes in many innate and adaptive immune cell subsets, revealing a complex interaction that contributes to inflammation, increased senescence, impaired catecholamine-induced lipolysis, and impaired insulin sensitivity. Here, we will describe current knowledge surrounding age-related changes in immune cells while relating those findings to recent discoveries regarding immune cells in aged adipose tissue.
与年龄相关的免疫衰老，定义为炎症增加和免疫系统的衰退，导致组织功能障碍和代谢疾病风险增加。老年人口不断增加，因此需要更多的治疗方法来延长健康寿命。随着年龄的增长，免疫系统会发生许多改变，包括组织驻留免疫细胞的转移、炎症因子表达增加和衰老细胞的积累，所有这些都导致了慢性炎症循环。脂肪组织及其免疫细胞激活在代谢疾病中的作用众所周知，因此特别受到关注。最近的文献表明，脂肪组织是一个早期衰老迹象出现的器官，包括免疫细胞激活。衰老的脂肪组织在许多先天和适应性免疫细胞亚群中都发生了变化，揭示了一种复杂的相互作用，这种相互作用会导致炎症、衰老增加、儿茶酚胺诱导的脂肪分解受损和胰岛素敏感性受损。在这里，我们将描述与年龄相关的免疫细胞变化的现有知识，并将这些发现与最近关于衰老脂肪组织中免疫细胞的发现联系起来。
