Moloney Georgia Kate, Gossé Koffi Jules, Gonedelé-Bi Sery, Gaubert Philippe, Chaber Anne-Lise
School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, SA 5371, Australia.
Laboratoire de Biotechnolyogie, Agriculture et Valorisation des Ressources Biologiques, UFR Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny d'Abidjan-Cocody, 22 BP 582, Abidjan 22, Cote d'Ivoire.
One Health. 2023 Feb 14;16:100503. doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100503. eCollection 2023 Jun.
Social media provides a platform for wildlife crime syndicates to access a global consumer-driven market. Whilst studies have uncovered the online trade in wildlife, the availability of wild meat (bushmeat) has not been assessed. To investigate the sale of wild meat online, we analysed 563 posts published between 2018 and 2022 from six West African Facebook pages selected using predetermined search criteria. Across 1511 images and 18 videos, we visually identified 25 bushmeat species-level taxa including mammals (six Rodentia, five Artiodactyla, three Carnivora, two Pholidota, one Primate, two Lagomorpha, one Hyracoidea), birds (three Galliformes) and reptiles (two Squamata), predominately advertised as smoked (63%) or fresh (30%) whole carcasses or portions. Among the species identified, 16% feature a status of concern on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List (Near Threatened to Endangered), 16% are listed on the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES; Appendix I and II) and 24% are either fully or partially protected by local legislation. Images were commonly used as propaganda rather than to display inventory, where additional taxa protected from game hunting in West Africa, such as hornbill, were exclusively listed in captions. The advertisement of these protected and vulnerable species on the surface web indicates weak local and international legislative enforcement. Comparatively, when the same search criteria were applied to the deep web browser Tor no results were generated, reinforcing the idea that bushmeat vendors have no need to hide their activities online. Despite local and international trade restrictions, the taxa advertised feature similarities with bushmeat seizures reported in Europe, alluding to the interconnectedness of the trade facilitated by social media. We conclude that enhanced policy enforcement is essential to combat the online sale of bushmeat and mitigate the potential biodiversity and public health impacts.
社交媒体为野生动物犯罪集团提供了一个进入全球消费者驱动市场的平台。虽然已有研究揭示了野生动物的在线贸易，但野生肉类（丛林肉）的可得性尚未得到评估。为了调查网上野生肉类的销售情况，我们分析了2018年至2022年间从六个西非脸书页面上发布的563篇帖子，这些页面是根据预先确定的搜索标准挑选出来的。在1511张图片和18段视频中，我们从视觉上识别出25种丛林肉物种分类单元，包括哺乳动物（六种啮齿目、五种偶蹄目、三种食肉目、两种鳞甲目、一种灵长目、两种兔形目、一种蹄兔目）、鸟类（三种鸡形目）和爬行动物（两种有鳞目），主要以烟熏（63%）或新鲜（30%）的整具尸体或部分尸体进行宣传。在识别出的物种中，16%在国际自然保护联盟（IUCN）红色名录上处于受关注状态（近危至濒危），16%被列入《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》（CITES；附录一和附录二），24%受到当地法律的全部或部分保护。图片通常被用作宣传手段而非展示库存，在西非受禁猎保护的其他分类单元，如犀鸟，仅在说明文字中列出。这些受保护和易危物种在明网的广告表明当地和国际立法执行不力。相比之下，当将相同的搜索标准应用于深网浏览器Tor时，未产生任何结果，这强化了丛林肉贩子无需在网上隐藏其活动的观点。尽管存在当地和国际贸易限制，但广告中的分类单元与欧洲报告的丛林肉查获情况存在相似之处，这暗示了社交媒体推动的贸易的相互关联性。我们得出结论，加强政策执行对于打击网上丛林肉销售以及减轻潜在的生物多样性和公共卫生影响至关重要。
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