Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
J Sports Sci Med. 2023 Mar 1;22(1):36-43. doi: 10.52082/jssm.2023.36. eCollection 2023 Mar.
The Balance Error Scoring System (BESS), a subjective examiner-based assessment, is often employed to assess postural balance in individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI); however, inertial sensors may enhance the detection of balance deficits. This study aimed to compare the BESS results between the CAI and healthy groups using conventional BESS scores and inertial sensor data. The BESS test (six conditions: double-leg, single-leg, and tandem stances on firm and foam surfaces, respectively) was performed for the CAI (n = 16) and healthy control (n = 16) groups with inertial sensors mounted on the sacrum and anterior shank. The BESS score was calculated visually by the examiner by counting postural sway as an error based on the recorded video. The root mean square for resultant acceleration (RMS) in the anteroposterior, mediolateral, and vertical directions was calculated from each inertial sensor affixed to the sacral and shank surfaces during the BESS test. The mixed-effects analysis of variance and unpaired t-test were used to assess the effects of group and condition on the BESS scores and RMS. No significant between-group differences were found in the RMS of the sacral and shank surfaces, and the BESS scores (P > 0.05), except for the total BESS score in the foam condition (CAI: 14.4 ± 3.7, control: 11.7 ± 3.4; P = 0.039). Significant main effects of the conditions were found with respect to the BESS scores and RMS for the sacral and anterior shank (P < 0.05). The BESS test with inertial sensors can detect differences in the BESS conditions for athletes with CAI. However, our method could not detect any differences between the CAI and healthy groups.
平衡错误评分系统（BESS）是一种基于主观检查者的评估方法，常用于评估慢性踝关节不稳定（CAI）患者的姿势平衡；然而，惯性传感器可能会增强对平衡缺陷的检测。本研究旨在通过常规 BESS 评分和惯性传感器数据比较 CAI 和健康组的 BESS 结果。使用惯性传感器在骶骨和前小腿上进行 BESS 测试（六种条件：双腿、单腿、分别在坚固和泡沫表面的串联姿势），CAI（n=16）和健康对照组（n=16）。BESS 评分由检查者通过计数记录视频中的姿势摆动来视觉计算。在 BESS 测试期间，从固定在骶骨和小腿表面的每个惯性传感器计算前-后、内-外侧和垂直方向的合成加速度（RMS）。使用混合效应方差分析和未配对 t 检验评估组和条件对 BESS 评分和 RMS 的影响。除了泡沫条件下的总 BESS 评分（CAI：14.4±3.7，对照组：11.7±3.4；P=0.039）外，在骶骨和小腿表面的 RMS 和 BESS 评分中，未发现组间差异（P>0.05）。条件对 BESS 评分和骶骨和前小腿的 RMS 有显著的主要影响（P<0.05）。使用惯性传感器的 BESS 测试可以检测到 CAI 运动员在 BESS 条件下的差异。然而，我们的方法无法检测到 CAI 和健康组之间的任何差异。
