Korolczuk Inga, Burle Boris, Coull Jennifer T, Ogińska Halszka, Ociepka Michał, Senderecka Magdalena, Śmigasiewicz Kamila
Aix-Marseille University & CNRS, France.
Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
J Cogn Neurosci. 2022 May 1;35(5):885-899. doi: 10.1162/jocn_a_01978.
Although the benefit of temporal predictability for behavior is long-established, recent studies provide evidence that knowing when an important event will occur comes at the cost of greater impulsivity. Here, we investigated the neural basis of inhibiting actions to temporally predictable targets using an EEG-EMG method. In our temporally cued version of the stop-signal paradigm (two-choice task), participants used temporal information delivered by a symbolic cue to speed their responses to the target. In a quarter of the trials, an auditory signal indicated that participants had to inhibit their actions. Behavioral results showed that although temporal cues speeded RTs, they also impaired the ability to stop actions as indexed by longer stop-signal reaction time. In line with behavioral benefits of temporal predictability, EEG data demonstrated that acting at temporally predictable moments facilitated response selection at the cortical level (reduced frontocentral negativity just before the response). Likewise, activity of the motor cortex involved in suppression of incorrect response hand was stronger for temporally predictable events. Thus, by keeping an incorrect response in check, temporal predictability likely enabled faster implementation of the correct response. Importantly, there was no effect of temporal cues on the EMG-derived index of online, within-trial inhibition of subthreshold impulses. This result shows that although participants were more prone to execute a fast response to temporally predictable targets, their inhibitory control was, in fact, unaffected by temporal cues. Altogether, our results demonstrate that greater impulsivity when responding to temporally predictable events is paralleled by enhanced neural motor processes involved in response selection and implementation rather than impaired inhibitory control.
尽管行为的时间可预测性所带来的益处早已确立，但最近的研究表明，知道重要事件何时会发生是以更高的冲动性为代价的。在此，我们使用脑电图 - 肌电图方法研究了抑制对时间可预测目标的动作的神经基础。在我们的时间提示版停止信号范式（二选一任务）中，参与者利用符号提示传递的时间信息来加快对目标的反应。在四分之一的试验中，一个听觉信号表明参与者必须抑制他们的动作。行为结果表明，尽管时间提示加快了反应时间，但它们也损害了停止动作的能力，这以更长的停止信号反应时间为指标。与时间可预测性的行为益处一致，脑电图数据表明，在时间可预测的时刻行动促进了皮层水平的反应选择（反应前额中央负波减少）。同样，参与抑制错误反应手的运动皮层活动对于时间可预测事件更强。因此，通过控制错误反应，时间可预测性可能使正确反应能够更快地执行。重要的是，时间提示对肌电图衍生的在线、试验内阈下冲动抑制指标没有影响。这一结果表明，尽管参与者更容易对时间可预测目标执行快速反应，但他们的抑制控制实际上不受时间提示的影响。总之，我们的结果表明，对时间可预测事件做出反应时更大的冲动性与参与反应选择和执行的神经运动过程增强并行，而不是抑制控制受损。
