School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.
School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
Tob Control. 2024 Jun 20;33(4):481-488. doi: 10.1136/tc-2022-057724.
To examine the trends in the prevalence of hardening indicators and hardened smokers in Hong Kong, where the low smoking prevalence has plateaued in the recent decade.
This is an analysis of repeated cross-sectional data from 9 territory-wide smoking cessation campaigns conducted annually from 2009 to 2018 (except 2011). Participants were 9837 biochemically verified daily cigarette smokers aged ≥18 years (18.5% female, mean age 43.2±14.2 years) recruited from the communities. Hardening indicators included heavy smoking (>15 CPD), high nicotine dependence (Heaviness of Smoking Index ≥5), no intention to quit within next 30 days and no past-year quit attempt. Perceived importance, confidence and difficulty of quitting were measured (each ranged 0-10). Multivariable regressions were used to model the changes in hardening indicators by calendar year, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics.
From 2009 to 2018, the prevalence of heavy smoking decreased from 57.6% to 39.4% (p<0.001), high nicotine dependence also decreased from 10.5% to 8.6% (p=0.06). However, the proportion of smokers with no intention to quit (12.7%-69.0%) and no past-year quit attempt (74.4%-80.4%) significantly increased (both p values <0.001). Hardened smokers (heavy smoking, no intention to quit, no past-year attempt quit attempt) significantly increased from 5.9% to 20.7% (p<0.001). Mean perceived importance (from 7.9±2.3 to 6.6±2.5) and confidence (from 6.2±2.6 to 5.3±2.4) of quitting also decreased significantly (all p values <0.001).
Daily cigarette smokers in Hong Kong were motivational hardening, but not dependence hardening. Effective tobacco control policies and interventions are warranted to motivate quitting to further reduce smoking prevalence.
研究香港地区硬化指标和硬化吸烟者的流行趋势，香港地区的吸烟率在过去十年中已趋于平稳。
这是对 2009 年至 2018 年（2011 年除外）每年进行的 9 次全港戒烟运动的重复横断面数据分析。参与者为 9837 名经生物化学验证的每日吸烟≥18 岁（18.5%为女性，平均年龄 43.2±14.2 岁）的社区吸烟者。硬化指标包括重度吸烟（>15 CPD）、高尼古丁依赖（吸烟严重程度指数≥5）、未来 30 天内无戒烟意向和过去一年无戒烟尝试。测量了戒烟的重要性、信心和难度（每项范围为 0-10）。使用多变量回归模型，根据社会人口统计学特征调整，按日历年份对硬化指标的变化进行建模。
2009 年至 2018 年，重度吸烟的流行率从 57.6%下降到 39.4%（p<0.001），高尼古丁依赖也从 10.5%下降到 8.6%（p=0.06）。然而，无戒烟意向（12.7%-69.0%）和过去一年无戒烟尝试（74.4%-80.4%）的吸烟者比例显著增加（p 值均<0.001）。硬化吸烟者（重度吸烟、无戒烟意向、无过去一年戒烟尝试）从 5.9%显著增加到 20.7%（p<0.001）。戒烟的重要性平均感知（从 7.9±2.3 到 6.6±2.5）和信心（从 6.2±2.6 到 5.3±2.4）也显著降低（所有 p 值均<0.001）。
香港地区的每日吸烟者在动机上变得更加坚定，而不是依赖上变得更加坚定。需要采取有效的烟草控制政策和干预措施，以激励戒烟，进一步降低吸烟率。
