Genome Characterization and Development of Real-Time PCR Assays for and .

The stem and bulb nematode is a destructive nematode pest on many crops and is internationally quarantined in many countries, whereas , only known to infect a weed plant (), is an unregulated nematode species with no known economic importance. In this study, we used comparative genomics to identify multiple gene regions and developed novel real-time PCR assays for the detection of and . We sequenced the genomes of two mixed-stage nematode populations of and two mixed-stage nematode populations of . The assembled genomes of were 228.2 Mb and 239.5 Mb, and the genomes of were 177.0 Mb and 196.3 Mb. Depending on the species, 21,403-27,365 gene models were predicted. Using orthologous group analysis, single-copy and species-specific genes were identified. Primers and probes were designed targeting two species-specific genes in each species. The assays detected as low as 12 pg of DNA from the target species, or as few as five nematodes, with a C of 31 cycles or less. Our study provides genome data for two additional isolates and two isolates, and four new and validated molecular assays to be used for rapid detection and identification of the two species.