Department Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic Health System, Eau Claire, WI, USA.
Mayo Clinic, Behavioral Health Research Program Psychiatry and Psychology, Rochester, MN, USA.
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2023 Jul 4;49(4):481-490. doi: 10.1080/00952990.2023.2176236. Epub 2023 Mar 7.
Alcohol is the most abused substance among adults in the United States. The COVID-19 pandemic impacted patterns of alcohol use, but data are conflicting, and previous studies are largely limited to cross-sectional analyses. This study aimed to longitudinally assess sociodemographic and psychological correlates of changes in three patterns of alcohol use (number of alcoholic drinks, drinking regularity, and binge drinking) during COVID-19. We studied changes in self-reported drinking behaviors in 222,195 Mayo Clinic patients over 21 years of age (58.1% female and 41.9% male) between April 1, 2019, and March 30, 2021. Logistic regression models were used to estimate associations between patient characteristics and change in alcohol consumption. Sociodemographically younger age, White race, having a college degree, and living in a rural area were associated with increased alcohol use regularity (all < .05). Younger age, male, White, high-school education or less, living in a more deprived neighborhood, smoking, and living in a rural area were associated with increases in number of alcohol drinks (all ≤ .04) and binge drinking (all ≤ .01). Increased anxiety scores were associated with increased number of drinks, while depression severity was associated with both increased drinking regularity and increased number of drinks (all ≤ .02) independent of sociodemographic characteristics. Our study showed that both sociodemographic and psychological characteristics were associated with increased alcohol consumption patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study highlights specific target groups previously not described in the literature for alcohol interventions based on sociodemographic and psychological characteristics.
在美国，成年人中滥用最严重的物质是酒精。COVID-19 大流行影响了酒精使用模式，但数据相互矛盾，以前的研究主要限于横断面分析。本研究旨在纵向评估 COVID-19 期间三种饮酒模式（饮酒量、饮酒规律和狂饮）变化的社会人口学和心理相关因素。我们研究了在 2019 年 4 月 1 日至 2021 年 3 月 30 日期间，222,195 名年龄在 21 岁以上的梅奥诊所患者自我报告的饮酒行为变化。使用逻辑回归模型估计患者特征与饮酒量变化之间的关联。社会人口统计学上年龄较小、白人、拥有大学学历和居住在农村地区与饮酒规律增加有关（均 < .05）。年龄较小、男性、白人、高中及以下学历、居住在较贫困的社区、吸烟和居住在农村地区与饮酒量增加（均 ≤ .04）和狂饮（均 ≤ .01）有关。焦虑评分增加与饮酒量增加有关，而抑郁严重程度与饮酒规律增加和饮酒量增加有关（均 ≤ .02），与社会人口学特征无关。我们的研究表明，社会人口学和心理特征都与 COVID-19 大流行期间饮酒模式的增加有关。我们的研究强调了以前在文献中没有描述的基于社会人口学和心理特征的酒精干预特定目标群体。
