Children's Mercy Kansas City, University of Missouri - Kansas City School of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
Children's Mercy Kansas City, University of Missouri - Kansas City School of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
Pediatr Clin North Am. 2022 Dec;69(6):1239-1254. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2022.07.010. Epub 2022 Oct 29.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children occurs mostly due to congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract and hereditary diseases. For advanced cases, a multidisciplinary team is needed to manage nutritional requirements and complications such as hypertension, hyperphosphatemia, proteinuria, and anemia. Neurocognitive assessment and psychosocial support are essential. Maintenance dialysis in children with end-stage renal failure has become the standard of care in many parts of the world. Children younger than 12 years have 95% survival after 3 years of dialysis initiation, whereas the survival rate for children aged 4 years or younger is about 82% at one year."
儿童慢性肾脏病（CKD）主要由肾脏和泌尿道先天异常以及遗传疾病引起。对于晚期病例，需要多学科团队来管理营养需求以及高血压、高磷血症、蛋白尿和贫血等并发症。神经认知评估和社会心理支持至关重要。在许多国家，终末期肾衰竭儿童的维持性透析已成为标准治疗方法。开始透析后 3 年，12 岁以下儿童的存活率为 95%，而 4 岁或以下儿童的存活率约为 82%。
