Gerber Anisha, Kamath Nivedita
Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States.
Department of Pediatric Nephrology, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
Indian J Nephrol. 2025 Mar-Apr;35(2):168-177. doi: 10.25259/IJN_77_2024. Epub 2024 Jul 1.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), including pediatric CKD, is a global public health concern. Pediatric CKD has lasting effects into adulthood. In this review, we focus on the etiology of pediatric CKD and unique aspects that should be considered in treating a child with CKD, such as ensuring adequate nutrition and assessing growth hormone axis dysregulation. We review risk factors for CKD progression and how clinical surveillance can be used to address modifiable factors. We address the issues of accurate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimation, cardiovascular disease, immunization, neurodevelopment, and planned transition to adult care. We also cover kidney failure preparation and global CKD care disparities affecting children worldwide.
慢性肾脏病（CKD），包括儿童CKD，是一个全球公共卫生问题。儿童CKD会对成年期产生持久影响。在本综述中，我们聚焦于儿童CKD的病因以及治疗CKD患儿时应考虑的独特方面，如确保充足营养和评估生长激素轴失调。我们回顾了CKD进展的危险因素以及如何利用临床监测来处理可改变的因素。我们探讨了准确估算肾小球滤过率（GFR）、心血管疾病、免疫接种、神经发育以及向成人护理过渡计划等问题。我们还涵盖了肾衰竭的准备工作以及影响全球儿童的CKD护理差异。
