Reversible Entropy-Driven Defect Migration and Insulator-Metal Transition Suppression in VO Nanostructures for Phase-Change Electronic Switching.

Oxygen defects are among essential issues and required to be manipulated in correlated electronic oxides with insulator-metal transition (IMT). Besides, surface and interface control are necessary but challenging in field-induced electronic switching towards advanced IMT-triggered transistors and optical modulators. Herein, we demonstrated reversible entropy-driven oxygen defect migrations and reversible IMT suppression in vanadium dioxide (VO ) phase-change electronic switching. The initial IMT was suppressed with oxygen defects, which is caused by the entropy change during reversed surface oxygen ionosorption on the VO nanostructures. This IMT suppression is reversible and reverts when the adsorbed oxygen extracts electrons from the surface and heals defects again. The reversible IMT suppression observed in the VO nanobeam with M2 phase is accompanied by large variations in the IMT temperature. We also achieved irreversible and stable IMT by exploiting an Al O partition layer prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD) to disrupt the entropy-driven defect migration. We expected that such reversible modulations would be helpful for understanding the origin of surface-driven IMT in correlated vanadium oxides, and constructing functional phase-change electronic and optical devices.