CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; email:
Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng. 2023 Jun 8;14:141-163. doi: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-101121-085323. Epub 2023 Mar 8.
Are deep eutectic solvents (DESs) a promising alternative to conventional solvents? Perhaps, but their development is hindered by a plethora of misconceptions. These are carefully analyzed here, beginning with the very meaning of DESs, which has strayed far beyond its original scope of eutectic mixtures of Lewis or Brønsted acids and bases. Instead, a definition that is grounded on thermodynamic principles and distinguishes between eutectic and deep eutectic is encouraged, and the types of precursors that can be used to prepare DESs are reviewed. Landmark works surrounding the sustainability, stability, toxicity, and biodegradability of these solvents are also discussed, revealing piling evidence that numerous DESs reported thus far, particularly those that are choline based, lack sufficient sustainability-related traits to be considered green solvents. Finally, emerging DES applications are reviewed, emphasizing their most remarkable feature: the ability to liquefy a solid compound with a target property, allowing its use as a liquid solvent.
深共晶溶剂 (DESs) 是传统溶剂的有前途替代品吗？也许吧，但它们的发展受到了大量误解的阻碍。本文从深共晶溶剂的含义开始，对这些误解进行了仔细分析，该含义已经远远超出了路易斯或布朗斯台德酸和碱的共晶混合物的原始范围。相反，鼓励采用基于热力学原理的定义，并区分共晶和深共晶，还回顾了可用于制备深共晶溶剂的前体类型。此外，还讨论了围绕这些溶剂的可持续性、稳定性、毒性和生物降解性的里程碑式工作，这些工作揭示了大量迄今为止报道的深共晶溶剂，特别是那些基于胆碱的深共晶溶剂，缺乏足够的与可持续性相关的特征，不能被认为是绿色溶剂。最后，综述了新兴的深共晶溶剂应用，强调了它们最显著的特点：能够使具有目标性能的固体化合物液化，从而将其用作液体溶剂。
