Placental perfusion using intravoxel incoherent motion MRI combined with Doppler findings in differentiating between very low birth weight infants and small for gestational age infants.

INTRODUCTION

Abnormalities in placental morphology and function can lead to small for gestational age infants (SGA) and very low birth weight infants (VLBWI). In this study, we explored the value of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) histogram parameters, MRI morphological parameters, and Doppler findings of the placenta in differentiating between VLBWI and SGA.

METHODS

Thirty-three pregnant women who were diagnosed with SGA and met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this retrospective study and divided into two groups: 22 with non-VLBWI and 11 with VLBWI. The IVIM histogram parameters (perfusion fraction (f), true diffusion coefficient (D), and pseudo-diffusion coefficient (D*)), MRI morphological parameters, and Doppler findings were compared between groups. The diagnostic efficiency was compared by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

RESULTS

The D, D, D*, f, and placental area of the VLBWI group were significantly lower than those of the non-VLBWI group (p < 0.05). The values of umbilical artery pulsatility index, resistance index (RI), and peak systolic velocity/end-diastolic velocity were significantly higher in the VLBWI group than in the non-VLBWI group (p < 0.05). D, placental area, and umbilical artery RI had the highest areas under the curve (AUCs) of the ROC curves, at 0.787, 0.785, and 0.762, respectively. A combined predictive model (D, placental area, and umbilical artery RI) improved the performance in differentiating between VLBWI and SGA compared with the single model (AUC = 0.942).

DISCUSSION

IVIM histogram (D) and MRI morphological (placental area) parameters and a Doppler finding (umbilical artery RI) may be sensitive indicators for differentiating between VLBWI and SGA.