Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China.
State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
J Hazard Mater. 2023 Jun 5;451:131133. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131133. Epub 2023 Mar 2.
Effects of non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in soil ecosystem are still unclear. In this study, we explored the microbial community and ARGs variations in the gut of the model soil collembolan Folsomia candida following soil antiepileptic drug carbamazepine (CBZ) contamination, while comparing with antibiotic erythromycin (ETM) exposure. Results showed that, CBZ and ETM all significantly influenced ARGs diversity and composition in the soil and collembolan gut, increasing the relative abundance of ARGs. However, unlike ETM, which influences ARGs via bacterial communities, exposure to CBZ may have primarily facilitated enrichment of ARGs in gut through mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Although soil CBZ contamination did not pose an effect on the gut fungal community of collembolans, it increased the relative abundance of animal fungal pathogens contained therein. Soil ETM and CBZ exposure both significantly increased the relative abundance of Gammaproteobacteria in the collembolan gut, which may be used to indicate soil contamination. Together, our results provide a fresh perspective for the potential drivers of non-antibiotic drugs on ARG changes based on the actual soil environment, revealing the potential ecological risk of CBZ on soil ecosystems involving ARGs dissemination and pathogens enrichment.
非抗生素类药物对土壤生态系统中抗生素抗性基因（ARGs）的影响尚不清楚。在本研究中，我们研究了模型土壤弹尾目动物 Folsomia candida 肠道中微生物群落和 ARGs 的变化，同时与抗生素红霉素（ETM）暴露进行了比较。结果表明，CBZ 和 ETM 均显著影响土壤和弹尾目肠道中 ARGs 的多样性和组成，增加了 ARGs 的相对丰度。然而，与通过细菌群落影响 ARGs 的 ETM 不同，暴露于 CBZ 可能主要通过可移动遗传元件（MGEs）促进肠道中 ARGs 的富集。尽管土壤 CBZ 污染对弹尾目肠道中的真菌群落没有影响，但它增加了其中含有的动物真菌病原体的相对丰度。土壤 ETM 和 CBZ 暴露均显著增加了弹尾目肠道中γ变形菌的相对丰度，这可能用于指示土壤污染。总之，我们的研究结果为基于实际土壤环境的非抗生素类药物对 ARG 变化的潜在驱动因素提供了新的视角，揭示了 CBZ 对涉及 ARGs 传播和病原体富集的土壤生态系统的潜在生态风险。
