Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia; National Fish Health Research Division (NaFisH), Fisheries Research Institute, Department of Fisheries Malaysia, 11960 Batu Maung, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
National Fish Health Research Division (NaFisH), Fisheries Research Institute, Department of Fisheries Malaysia, 11960 Batu Maung, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
J Invertebr Pathol. 2023 Jun;198:107910. doi: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.107910. Epub 2023 Mar 6.
Infection by the microsporidian parasite Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) has become a significant problem in the shrimp cultivation industry in Asian countries like Thailand, China, India, Vietnam, Indonesia, and Malaysia. The outbreak of this microsporidian parasite is predominantly related to the existence of macrofauna-carriers of EHP. However, information about potential macrofauna-carriers of EHP in rearing ponds is still limited. In this study, the screening of EHP in potential macrofauna-carriers was conducted in farming ponds of Penaeus vannamei in three states in Malaysia, namely Penang, Kedah, and Johor. A total of 82 macrofauna specimens (phyla: Arthropoda, Mollusca, and Chordata) were amplified through a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting genes encoding spore wall proteins (SWP) of EHP. The PCR results showed an average prevalence of EHP (82.93%) from three phyla (Arthropoda, Mollusca and Chordata). The phylogenetic tree generated from the macrofauna sequences was revealed to be identical to the EHP-infected shrimp specimens from Malaysia (MW000458, MW000459, and MW000460), as well as those from India (KY674537), Thailand (MG015710), Vietnam (KY593132), and Indonesia (KY593133). These findings suggest that certain macrofauna species in shrimp ponds of P. vannamei are carriers of EHP spores and could be potential transmission vectors. This study provides preliminary information for the prevention of EHP infections that can be initiated at the pond stage by eradicating macrofauna species identified as potential vectors.
在亚洲国家，如泰国、中国、印度、越南、印度尼西亚和马来西亚，微孢子虫寄生虫 Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei（EHP）的感染已成为虾养殖产业中的一个重大问题。这种微孢子虫寄生虫的爆发主要与 EHP 的大型动物载体的存在有关。然而，关于养殖池塘中 EHP 潜在大型动物载体的信息仍然有限。在这项研究中，在马来西亚的槟城、吉打和柔佛三个州的凡那比对虾养殖池塘中，对潜在大型动物载体中的 EHP 进行了筛选。通过针对 EHP 孢子壁蛋白（SWP）编码基因的聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测，共扩增了 82 个大型动物标本（门：节肢动物、软体动物和脊索动物）。PCR 结果显示，三个门（节肢动物、软体动物和脊索动物）的 EHP 平均流行率为 82.93%。从大型动物序列生成的系统发育树与来自马来西亚（MW000458、MW000459 和 MW000460）、印度（KY674537）、泰国（MG015710）、越南（KY593132）和印度尼西亚（KY593133）的感染 EHP 的虾标本相同。这些发现表明，凡那比对虾养殖池塘中的某些大型动物物种是 EHP 孢子的携带者，可能是潜在的传播媒介。本研究为通过消除被鉴定为潜在媒介的大型动物物种，在池塘阶段开始预防 EHP 感染提供了初步信息。
