Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, 171 Funkhouser Drive, 012D Kastle Hall, Lexington, KY, 40506-0044, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2024 Dec;55(6):1600-1610. doi: 10.1007/s10578-023-01518-9. Epub 2023 Mar 9.
This study applied network analysis to executive function test performances to examine differences in network parameters between demographically matched children and adolescents with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (n = 141 per group; M = 12.7 ± 2.9 years-old; 72.3% boys, 66.7% White, 65.2% ≥ 12 years maternal education). All participants completed the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery, including the Flanker, measuring inhibition, Dimensional Change Card Sort, measuring shifting, and List Sorting test, measuring working memory. Children with and without ADHD had comparable mean test performances (d range: .05-0.11) but presented with differences in network parameters. Among participants with ADHD, shifting was less central, had a weaker relationship with inhibition, and did not mediate the relationship between inhibition and working memory. These network characteristics were consistent with the executive function network structure of younger ages in prior research and may reflect an immature executive function network among children and adolescents with ADHD, aligning with the delayed maturation hypothesis.
本研究应用网络分析方法对执行功能测试表现进行分析，以检查在人口统计学匹配的患有和不患有注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的儿童和青少年之间（每组 n=141；M=12.7±2.9 岁；72.3%男孩，66.7%白人，65.2%≥12 岁母亲教育）网络参数存在差异。所有参与者都完成了 NIH 工具包认知电池测试，包括测量抑制能力的 Flanker 测试、测量转换能力的维度变化卡片分类测试和测量工作记忆的列表排序测试。患有和不患有 ADHD 的儿童的平均测试表现相当（d 范围：.05-0.11），但网络参数存在差异。在患有 ADHD 的参与者中，转换能力的中心性较低，与抑制能力的关系较弱，并且不能调节抑制和工作记忆之间的关系。这些网络特征与之前研究中年轻年龄段的执行功能网络结构一致，可能反映了 ADHD 儿童和青少年不成熟的执行功能网络，与延迟成熟假说一致。
