Department of Sport Managements and Biomechanics, Faculty of Educational Science and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
Sport Science Department, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran.
Trials. 2023 Mar 8;24(1):170. doi: 10.1186/s13063-023-07158-7.
Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental disability with first signs appearing in children aged 3 years and younger. Given that autism spectrum disorder is accompanied by a broad range of symptoms such as impaired sensory, neurological, and neuromotor functions, it appears plausible to argue that an intervention program focusing on multimodal exercise rather than single-mode exercise might be more effective in treating this wide variety of symptoms.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a multimodal exercise program entitled Sports, Play, and Active Recreation for Kids on variables of ground reaction forces and plantar pressure during walking in boys with autism spectrum disorder.
Twenty-four autism spectrum disorder boys aged 7-11 years were recruited and randomly allocated into an intervention or a waiting control group. Sports, Play, and Active Recreation for Kids was conducted over a period of 8 weeks with three weekly sessions. This training protocol includes aerobic dance and jump rope exercises as well as running games. Pre- and post-training, ground reaction forces and plantar pressure variables were recorded while walking at a constant walking speed of 0.9 m/s using a foot scan embedded in a 15-m walkway.
Significant group-by-time interactions were found for the first peak of vertical ground reaction force, loading rate, and peak pressure at the medial heel region (all p = 0.001-0.49, d = 0.89-1.40). Post-hoc analyses showed significant pre-post decreases for the first peak of vertical ground reaction force (p = 0.001, d = 1.27), loading rate (p = 0.009, d = 1.11), and peak pressure at the medial heel region (p = 0.021, d = 1.01).
Our results suggest that a joyful and multimodal exercise program has positive effects on kinetic walking characteristics of autism spectrum disorder boys. Accordingly, we recommend to implement this type of exercise in prepubertal autism spectrum disorder boys to improve gait kinetics.
Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT20170806035517N4. Registered on November 8, 2021. This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran (IR.UMA.REC.1400.019). The study was conducted in accordance with the latest version of the Declaration of Helsinki.
自闭症谱系障碍是一种发育障碍，最早的迹象出现在 3 岁及以下的儿童身上。鉴于自闭症谱系障碍伴有广泛的症状，如感觉、神经和神经运动功能受损，因此可以认为，专注于多模式运动而非单一模式运动的干预计划可能更有效地治疗这种多种症状。
本研究旨在评估一项名为“儿童运动、游戏和积极娱乐”的多模式运动计划对自闭症谱系障碍男孩行走时地面反作用力和足底压力变量的影响。
招募了 24 名 7-11 岁的自闭症谱系障碍男孩，并将他们随机分配到干预组或等待对照组。“儿童运动、游戏和积极娱乐”在 8 周内每周进行 3 次。该训练方案包括有氧舞蹈和跳绳练习以及跑步游戏。在以 0.9m/s 的恒定步行速度行走时，使用嵌入在 15m 步道中的足底扫描仪记录训练前后的地面反作用力和足底压力变量。
发现第一峰值垂直地面反作用力、加载率和内侧足跟区域的峰值压力的组间时间交互作用具有统计学意义（均 p = 0.001-0.49，d = 0.89-1.40）。事后分析显示，第一峰值垂直地面反作用力（p = 0.001，d = 1.27）、加载率（p = 0.009，d = 1.11）和内侧足跟区域的峰值压力（p = 0.021，d = 1.01）显著减少。
我们的结果表明，快乐和多模式的运动计划对自闭症谱系障碍男孩的动力学行走特征有积极影响。因此，我们建议在青春期前的自闭症谱系障碍男孩中实施这种类型的运动，以改善步态动力学。
伊朗临床试验注册处 IRCT20170806035517N4。于 2021 年 11 月 8 日注册。本研究经伊朗阿尔达比勒莫哈盖赫格迪大学伦理委员会批准（IR.UMA.REC.1400.019）。本研究符合赫尔辛基宣言的最新版本。
