Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2023 Apr;20(4):489-506. doi: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2189697. Epub 2023 Mar 17.
In November 2019, the idea of a zoonotic virus crossing over to human transmission in a seafood market in Wuhan, China, and then soaring across the globe to claim over 6.3 million lives and persisting to date, seemed more like wild science fiction than a future reality. As the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic continues, it is important to hallmark the imprints the pandemic has made on science.
This review covers the biology of SARS-CoV-2, vaccine formulations and trials, the concept of 'herd resistance,' and the vaccination divide.
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has changed the landscape of medicine. The rapid approval of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines has changed the culture of drug development and clinical approvals. This change is already leading to more accelerated trials. The RNA vaccines have opened the market for nucleic acid therapies and the applications are limitless - from cancer to influenza. A phenomenon that has occurred is that the low efficacy of current vaccines and the rapid mutation rate of the virus is preventing herd immunity from being attained. Instead, herd resistance is being acquired. Even with future, more effective vaccines, anti-vaccination attitudes will continue to challenge the quest for SARS-CoV-2 herd immunity.
2019 年 11 月，一种人畜共患病毒在中国武汉一个海鲜市场跨越物种传播给人类，随后在全球范围内肆虐，导致超过 630 万人死亡，并持续至今，这听起来更像是狂野的科幻小说，而不是未来的现实。随着 SARS-CoV-2 大流行的继续，重要的是要铭记大流行给科学带来的印记。
这篇综述涵盖了 SARS-CoV-2 的生物学、疫苗制剂和试验、“群体抵抗”的概念以及疫苗接种鸿沟。
SARS-CoV-2 大流行改变了医学的格局。SARS-CoV-2 疫苗的快速批准改变了药物开发和临床批准的文化。这种变化已经导致了更多的加速试验。RNA 疫苗为核酸疗法开辟了市场，应用领域无限——从癌症到流感。已经出现的一种现象是，目前疫苗的低效率和病毒的快速突变率阻止了群体免疫的实现。相反，群体抵抗力正在获得。即使有未来更有效的疫苗，反疫苗接种的态度也将继续挑战 SARS-CoV-2 群体免疫的追求。
