Fieschi-Méric Léa, Van Leeuwen Pauline, Hopkins Kevin, Bournonville Marie, Denoël Mathieu, Lesbarrères David
Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation of Amphibians (LECA), Freshwater and OCeanic science Unit of reSearch (FOCUS), Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium.
Biology Department, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada.
Front Microbiol. 2023 Feb 20;14:1111018. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1111018. eCollection 2023.
In response to the current worldwide amphibian extinction crisis, conservation instances have encouraged the establishment of collections for endangered species. The resulting assurance populations are managed under strict biosecure protocols, often involving artificial cycles of temperature and humidity to induce active and overwintering phases, which likely affect the bacterial symbionts living on the amphibian skin. However, the skin microbiota is an important first line of defense against pathogens that can cause amphibian declines, such as the chytrid . Determining whether current husbandry practices for assurance populations might deplete amphibians from their symbionts is therefore essential to conservation success. Here, we characterize the effect of the transitions from the wild to captivity, and between aquatic and overwintering phases, on the skin microbiota of two newt species. While our results confirm differential selectivity of skin microbiota between species, they underscore that captivity and phase-shifts similarly affect their community structure. More specifically, the translocation is associated with rapid impoverishment, decrease in alpha diversity and strong species turnover of bacterial communities. Shifts between active and overwintering phases also cause changes in the diversity and composition of the microbiota, and on the prevalence of -inhibitory phylotypes. Altogether, our results suggest that current husbandry practices strongly restructure the amphibian skin microbiota. Although it remains to be determined whether these changes are reversible or have deleterious effects on their hosts, we discuss methods to limit microbial diversity loss and emphasize the importance of integrating bacterial communities to applied amphibian conservation.
为应对当前全球两栖动物灭绝危机，保护行动鼓励建立濒危物种养殖群体。由此产生的保种群按照严格的生物安全协议进行管理，通常涉及温度和湿度的人工循环以诱导活跃期和越冬期，这可能会影响生活在两栖动物皮肤上的细菌共生体。然而，皮肤微生物群是抵御可导致两栖动物数量减少的病原体（如壶菌）的重要第一道防线。因此，确定当前保种群的养殖方式是否会使两栖动物失去其共生体对于保护成功至关重要。在这里，我们描述了从野外到圈养以及在水生和越冬阶段之间的转变对两种蝾螈皮肤微生物群的影响。虽然我们的结果证实了不同物种之间皮肤微生物群的选择性差异，但它们强调圈养和阶段转变同样会影响其群落结构。更具体地说，转移与细菌群落的迅速 impoverishment、α多样性降低和强烈的物种更替有关。活跃期和越冬期之间的转变也会导致微生物群的多样性和组成以及-inhibitory 系统发育型的流行率发生变化。总之，我们的结果表明，当前的养殖方式会强烈重塑两栖动物的皮肤微生物群。虽然这些变化是否可逆或对其宿主有有害影响仍有待确定，但我们讨论了限制微生物多样性丧失的方法，并强调了将细菌群落纳入两栖动物保护应用的重要性。 （注：原文中“impoverishment”未给出准确中文释义，暂保留英文）
