Silla Aimee J, Calatayud Natalie E, Trudeau Vance L
School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia.
Taronga Institute of Science and Learning, Taronga Conservation Society Australia, Taronga, Western Plains Zoo, Obley Rd, Dubbo, New South Wales 2830, Australia.
Conserv Physiol. 2021 Mar 16;9(1):coab011. doi: 10.1093/conphys/coab011. eCollection 2021.
Captive breeding and reintroduction programs have been established for several threatened amphibian species globally, but with varied success. This reflects our relatively poor understanding of the hormonal control of amphibian reproduction and the stimuli required to initiate and complete reproductive events. While the amphibian hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis shares fundamental similarities with both teleosts and tetrapods, there are more species differences than previously assumed. As a result, many amphibian captive breeding programs fail to reliably initiate breeding behaviour, achieve high rates of fertilization or generate large numbers of healthy, genetically diverse offspring. Reproductive technologies have the potential to overcome these challenges but should be used in concert with traditional methods that manipulate environmental conditions (including temperature, nutrition and social environment). Species-dependent methods for handling, restraint and hormone administration (including route and frequency) are discussed to ensure optimal welfare of captive breeding stock. We summarize advances in hormone therapies and discuss two case studies that illustrate some of the challenges and successes with amphibian reproductive technologies: the mountain yellow-legged frog (; USA) and the northern corroboree frog (; Australia). Further research is required to develop hormone therapies for a greater number of species to boost global conservation efforts.
全球已针对多种濒危两栖动物物种开展了圈养繁殖和放归计划，但成效各异。这反映出我们对两栖动物繁殖的激素控制以及启动和完成繁殖活动所需刺激因素的了解相对不足。虽然两栖动物的下丘脑 - 垂体 - 性腺（HPG）轴与硬骨鱼和四足动物有基本相似之处，但物种差异比以前认为的要多。因此，许多两栖动物圈养繁殖计划未能可靠地启动繁殖行为、实现高受精率或产生大量健康、基因多样的后代。生殖技术有潜力克服这些挑战，但应与操纵环境条件（包括温度、营养和社会环境）的传统方法协同使用。文中讨论了针对不同物种的处理、约束和激素给药方法（包括途径和频率），以确保圈养繁殖种群的最佳福利。我们总结了激素疗法的进展，并讨论了两个案例研究，这些案例说明了两栖动物生殖技术面临的一些挑战和取得的成功：北美黄腿蛙（美国）和北部夜宴蛙（澳大利亚）。需要进一步开展研究，为更多物种开发激素疗法，以推动全球保护工作。
