Department of Psychology, Harvard University.
Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside.
J Exp Psychol Appl. 2024 Mar;30(1):108-119. doi: 10.1037/xap0000468. Epub 2023 Mar 9.
Educational and training programs designed to reduce racial bias often focus on increasing people's awareness of psychological sources of their biases. However, when people learn about their biases, they often respond defensively, which can undermine the effectiveness of antibias interventions and the success of prejudice regulation. Using process (Quad) modeling, we provide one of the first investigations of the relationships between (a) controlled and automatic cognitive processes that underpin performance on the Implicit Association Test and (b) defensive reactions to unflattering implicit racial bias feedback. In two correlational samples (one preregistered; = 8,000) and one experiment in which the provision of bias feedback was manipulated ( = 547), we find racially biased associations and some control over these associations among White people. Nonetheless, more defensiveness to bias feedback consistently predicted weaker ability to control biased associations. We also find correlational evidence that lower levels of biased associations predict more defensiveness, but did not replicate this observation in the experimental study. These results are critical for theories of implicit attitudes, models of prejudice regulation, and strategies for antibias interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
旨在减少种族偏见的教育和培训计划通常侧重于提高人们对其偏见心理根源的认识。然而，当人们了解到自己的偏见时，他们往往会做出防御性反应，这可能会破坏反偏见干预的有效性和偏见调节的成功。使用过程（Quad）建模，我们首次调查了以下两个方面之间的关系：（a）支撑内隐联想测验表现的控制和自动认知过程，以及（b）对不讨人喜欢的内隐种族偏见反馈的防御性反应。在两个相关样本（一个预先注册；n=8000）和一个操纵偏见反馈提供的实验中（n=547），我们发现白人存在种族偏见关联，并且对这些关联有一定的控制。尽管如此，对偏见反馈的更强防御性始终预示着控制有偏见的关联的能力较弱。我们还发现相关证据表明，较低水平的偏见关联预示着更强的防御性，但在实验研究中并未复制这一观察结果。这些结果对于内隐态度理论、偏见调节模型和反偏见干预策略至关重要。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2024 APA，保留所有权利）。
