Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
Front Public Health. 2023 Feb 21;11:1124295. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1124295. eCollection 2023.
The comorbidity of anxiety and drug use disorders complicates treatment prognosis, and one of the greatest challenges is to address the environmental and behavioral factors involved. The aim of this study was to describe the uses of intervention mapping in the design of a theory and evidence-based complex intervention to develop skills around the management of anxiety for cocaine users in outpatient addiction treatment.
The six steps of the intervention mapping approach, which are needs assessment, creation of matrices of performance objectives, selection of methods and practical strategies, program development, adoption and implementation, and evaluation were applied to develop the Interpersonal Theory of nursing to Anxiety management in people with Substance Use Disorders (ITASUD) intervention. The theory used for the conceptual model was interpersonal relations theory. All theory-based methods and practical applications were developed at the individual level, acting in behavioral, interpersonal, organizational and community environments.
The intervention mapping provided a broad overview of the problem and outcome expectations. The ITASUD intervention consists of five consecutive sessions of 110-min targeting individual determinants of anxiety (knowledge, triggers, relief behaviors, self-efficacy and relations), delivered by a trained nurse using Peplau's concepts of interpersonal relations. Intervention Mapping is a multi-step process that incorporates theory, evidence, and stakeholder perspectives to ensure that implementation strategies effectively address key determinants of change.
The intervention mapping approach increases the effectiveness of the intervention since the matrices provide a broad view of all factors that affect the problem and facilitate replication through transparency of the determinants, methods, and applications used. ITASUD addresses all factors that play an important role in substance use disorders based on a theoretical basis, which provides the translation of evidence from research into effective practice, policy, and public health improvements.
焦虑和药物使用障碍的共病使治疗预后变得复杂，其中最大的挑战之一是解决涉及的环境和行为因素。本研究旨在描述干预映射在设计一种基于理论和证据的复杂干预措施中的应用，以培养可卡因使用者在门诊成瘾治疗中管理焦虑的技能。
干预映射方法的六个步骤，即需求评估、制定绩效目标矩阵、选择方法和实用策略、方案制定、采用和实施以及评估，被应用于开发人际理论护理对物质使用障碍者的焦虑管理（ITASUD）干预。用于概念模型的理论是人际关系理论。所有基于理论的方法和实际应用都是在个体层面上开发的，作用于行为、人际、组织和社区环境。
干预映射提供了对问题和结果预期的广泛概述。ITASUD 干预包括五个连续的 110 分钟的个别决定因素的焦虑（知识、触发因素、缓解行为、自我效能和关系）的会话，由一名经过培训的护士使用 Peplau 的人际关系概念进行干预。干预映射是一个多步骤的过程，它结合了理论、证据和利益相关者的观点，以确保实施策略有效地解决改变的关键决定因素。
干预映射方法增加了干预的有效性，因为矩阵提供了对影响问题的所有因素的广泛了解，并通过使用的决定因素、方法和应用的透明度促进了复制。ITASUD 基于理论基础解决了在物质使用障碍中起重要作用的所有因素，将研究证据转化为有效的实践、政策和公共卫生改善。
