Min Thinzar, Bain Stephen C
Diabetes Research Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Neath Port Talbot Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK.
Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2023 Mar;28(1):1-15. doi: 10.1080/14728214.2023.2188191. Epub 2023 Mar 20.
Despite therapeutic advances in the field of diabetes management since the discovery of insulin 100 years ago, there are still unmet clinical needs for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).
Genetic testing and islet autoantibodies testing allow researchers to design prevention studies. This review discusses the emerging therapy for prevention of T1DM, disease modification therapy in early course of T1DM, and therapies and technologies for established T1DM. We focus on phase 2 clinical trials with promising results, thus avoiding the exhausted list of every new therapy for T1DM.
Teplizumab has demonstrated potential as a preventative agent for individuals at risk prior to the onset of overt dysglycemia. However, these agents are not without side effects, and there are uncertainties on long-term safety. Technological advances have led a substantial influence on quality of life of people suffering from T1DM. There remains variation in uptake of new technologies across the globe. Novel insulins (ultra-long acting), oral insulin, and inhaled insulin attempt to narrow the gap of unmet needs. Islet cell transplant is another exciting field, and stem cell therapy might have potential to provide unlimited supply of islet cells.
尽管自100年前发现胰岛素以来，糖尿病管理领域取得了治疗进展，但1型糖尿病（T1DM）患者仍存在未满足的临床需求。
基因检测和胰岛自身抗体检测使研究人员能够设计预防研究。本综述讨论了T1DM预防的新兴疗法、T1DM病程早期的疾病改善疗法以及已确诊T1DM的疗法和技术。我们关注有前景结果的2期临床试验，从而避免列出所有T1DM新疗法的冗长清单。
替普珠单抗已证明有潜力作为预防剂用于明显血糖异常发作前的高危个体。然而，这些药物并非没有副作用，长期安全性也存在不确定性。技术进步对T1DM患者的生活质量产生了重大影响。全球新技术的采用情况仍存在差异。新型胰岛素（超长效）、口服胰岛素和吸入式胰岛素试图缩小未满足需求的差距。胰岛细胞移植是另一个令人兴奋的领域，干细胞疗法可能有潜力提供无限供应的胰岛细胞。
