Zhou Jia, Zhao Kaiqiang, Shao Lisheng, Bao Yuhong, Gyantsen Dundup, Ma Chenglong, Xue Bai
Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
Institute of Pratacultural, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 850009, China.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Feb 21;13(5):785. doi: 10.3390/ani13050785.
Early weaning is an effective strategy to improve cow feed utilization and shorten postpartum intervals in cows; however, this may lead to poor performance of the weaned calves. This study was conducted to test the effects of supplementing milk replacer with and a complex of probiotics and enzyme preparations on body weight (BW), size, and serum biochemical parameters and hormones in early-weaned grazing yak calves. Thirty two-month-old male grazing yaks (38.89 ± 1.45 kg body weight) were fed milk replacer at 3% of their BW and were randomly assigned to three treatments ( = 10, each): T1 (supplementation with 0.15 g/kg ), T2 (supplementation with a 2.4 g/kg combination of probiotics and enzymes), and a control (without supplementation). Compared to the controls, the average daily gain (ADG) from 0 to 60 d was significantly higher in calves administered the T1 and T2 treatments, and that from 30 to 60 d was significantly higher in calves administered the T2 treatment. The ADG from 0 to 60 d was significantly higher in the T2- than in the T1-treated yaks. The concentration of serum growth hormone, insulin growth factor-1, and epidermal growth factor was significantly higher in the T2-treated calves than in the controls. The concentration of serum cortisol was significantly lower in the T1 treatment than in the controls. We concluded that supplementation with probiotics alone or a combination of probiotics and enzymes can improve the ADG of early-weaned grazing yak calves. Supplementation with the combination of probiotics and enzymes had a stronger positive effect on growth and serum hormone levels, compared to the single-probiotic treatment with Bacillus licheniformis, providing a basis for the application of a combination of probiotics and enzymes.
早期断奶是提高奶牛饲料利用率和缩短产后间隔的有效策略；然而，这可能导致断奶犊牛生长性能不佳。本研究旨在测试用芽孢杆菌和益生菌与酶制剂复合物补充代乳粉对早期断奶放牧牦牛犊牛体重、体尺、血清生化生化参数和激素的影响。选取32头2月龄雄性放牧牦牛（体重38.89±1.45 kg），按体重的3%饲喂代乳粉，并随机分为3组（每组10头）：T1组（添加0.15 g/kg芽孢杆菌）、T2组（添加2.4 g/kg益生菌与酶的组合）和对照组（不添加）。与对照组相比，T1组和T2组犊牛0至60日龄的平均日增重显著更高，T2组犊牛30至60日龄的平均日增重显著更高。T2组牦牛0至60日龄的平均日增重显著高于T1组。T2组犊牛血清生长激素、胰岛素生长因子-1和表皮生长因子的浓度显著高于对照组。T1组血清皮质醇浓度显著低于对照组。我们得出结论，单独补充益生菌或益生菌与酶的组合可以提高早期断奶放牧牦牛犊牛的平均日增重。与地衣芽孢杆菌单一益生菌处理相比，益生菌与酶的组合对生长和血清激素水平有更强的积极影响，为益生菌与酶组合的应用提供了依据。
