Ruska Diana, Radenkovs Vitalijs, Juhnevica-Radenkova Karina, Rubene Daina, Ciprovica Inga, Zagorska Jelena
Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, LV-3001 Jelgava, Latvia.
Division of Smart Technologies, Research Laboratory of Biotechnology, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, LV-3004 Jelgava, Latvia.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Feb 23;13(5):815. doi: 10.3390/ani13050815.
Dairy processing is one of the most polluting sectors of the food industry as it causes water pollution. Given considerable whey quantities obtained via traditional cheese and curd production methods, manufacturers worldwide are encountering challenges for its rational use. However, with the advancement in biotechnology, the sustainability of whey management can be fostered by applying microbial cultures for the bioconversion of whey components such as lactose to functional molecules. The present work was undertaken to demonstrate the potential utilization of whey for producing a fraction rich in lactobionic acid (Lba), which was further used in the dietary treatment of lactating dairy cows. The analysis utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography with refractive index (HPLC-RID) detection confirmed the abundance of Lba in biotechnologically processed whey, corresponding to 11.3 g L. The basic diet of two dairy cow groups involving nine animals, Holstein Black and White or Red breeds in each, was supplemented either with 1.0 kg sugar beet molasses (Group A) or 5.0 kg of the liquid fraction containing 56.5 g Lba (Group B). Overall, the use of Lba in the diet of dairy cows during the lactation period equal to molasses affected cows' performances and quality traits, especially fat composition. The observed values of urea content revealed that animals of Group B and, to a lesser extent, Group A received a sufficient amount of proteins, as the amount of urea in the milk decreased by 21.7% and 35.1%, respectively. After six months of the feeding trial, a significantly higher concentration of essential amino acids (AAs), i.e., isoleucine and valine, was observed in Group B. The percentage increase corresponded to 5.8% and 3.3%, respectively. A similar trend of increase was found for branched-chain AAs, indicating an increase of 2.4% compared with the initial value. Overall, the content of fatty acids (FAs) in milk samples was affected by feeding. Without reference to the decrease in individual FAs, the higher values of monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) were achieved via the supplementation of lactating cows' diets with molasses. In contrast, the dietary inclusion of Lba in the diet promoted an increase in saturated FA (SFA) and polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) content in the milk after six months of the feeding trial.
乳制品加工是食品工业中污染最严重的行业之一，因为它会造成水污染。由于通过传统奶酪和凝乳生产方法会产生大量乳清，全球制造商在合理利用乳清方面面临挑战。然而，随着生物技术的进步，通过应用微生物培养物将乳清成分（如乳糖）生物转化为功能分子，可以促进乳清管理的可持续性。本研究旨在证明乳清在生产富含乳糖酸（Lba）的馏分中的潜在用途，该馏分进一步用于泌乳奶牛的饮食治疗。利用带折光指数检测的高效液相色谱（HPLC-RID）分析证实，生物技术加工的乳清中Lba含量丰富，相当于11.3 g/L。两组奶牛（每组9头，分别为荷斯坦黑白花或红白花品种）的基础日粮分别补充1.0 kg甜菜糖蜜（A组）或5.0 kg含56.5 g Lba的液体馏分（B组）。总体而言，在泌乳期奶牛日粮中使用与糖蜜等量的Lba会影响奶牛的生产性能和品质性状，尤其是脂肪组成。观察到的尿素含量值表明，B组动物以及程度较轻的A组动物摄入了足够的蛋白质，因为牛奶中的尿素含量分别下降了21.7%和35.1%。经过六个月的饲养试验，B组中必需氨基酸（AAs），即异亮氨酸和缬氨酸的浓度显著更高。增加的百分比分别为5.8%和3.3%。支链氨基酸也发现了类似的增加趋势，表明与初始值相比增加了2.4%。总体而言，牛奶样品中的脂肪酸（FAs）含量受饲养影响。不考虑个别脂肪酸的减少，通过在泌乳奶牛日粮中添加糖蜜可获得较高的单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFAs）值。相比之下，在日粮中添加Lba在饲养试验六个月后促进了牛奶中饱和脂肪酸（SFA）和多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）含量的增加。
