Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di Catanzaro, Centro di Medicina del Viaggiatore e delle Migrazioni, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Feb 24;20(5):4040. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20054040.
Patients on renal replacement therapy are typically subject to several dietary restrictions; however, this approach has been questioned in recent years, with some suggesting that the Mediterranean diet might be beneficial. Data on the adherence to this diet and factors that influence it are scarce. We conducted a web survey among individuals on renal replacement therapy (dialysis or kidney transplant, KT) using the MEDI-LITE questionnaire to assess adherence to the Mediterranean diet and dietary habits in this population. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was generally low, and significantly lower among participants on dialysis versus KT recipients (19.4% vs. 44.7%, < 0.001). Being on dialysis, adopting fluid restrictions, and having a basic level of education were predictors of low adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Consumption of foods typically included in the Mediterranean diet, including fruit, legumes, fish, and vegetables, was generally low, particularly among those on dialysis. There is a need for strategies to improve both the adherence to and the quality of the diet among individuals on renal replacement therapy. This should be a shared responsibility between registered dietitians, physicians, and the patient.
接受肾脏替代治疗的患者通常需要遵守多项饮食限制；然而，近年来这种方法受到了质疑，一些人认为地中海饮食可能有益。关于这种饮食的遵守情况以及影响因素的数据很少。我们使用 MEDI-LITE 问卷对接受肾脏替代治疗（透析或肾移植，KT）的个体进行了网络调查，以评估该人群对地中海饮食的依从性和饮食习惯。地中海饮食的依从性总体较低，透析患者的依从性明显低于 KT 受者（19.4%对 44.7%，<0.001）。接受透析、采用液体限制以及接受基本水平的教育是地中海饮食低依从性的预测因素。通常包括在地中海饮食中的食物的消费，包括水果、豆类、鱼和蔬菜，总体上较低，尤其是在接受透析的患者中。需要制定策略来提高接受肾脏替代治疗的个体对饮食的依从性和质量。这应该是注册营养师、医生和患者共同的责任。
