College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China.
State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Feb 24;20(5):4062. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20054062.
The increase in population and economic development has made environmental issues more serious and threatens regional ecological security and sustainable development. Currently, most indicators in the related research field of ecological security tend to be socio-economic and neglect depicting the state of the ecosystems. This study, therefore, assessed the ecological security by constructing the evaluation index system embedded in the ecosystem service supply and demand based on the pressure-state-response model and identified the key obstacles to ecological security in the Pearl River Delta from 1990 to 2015. Our results showed that soil retention, carbon sequestration, and water yield increased with fluctuation except for grain production and habitat quality. The grain demand, carbon emission, and water demand increased sharply by 10.1%, 769.4%, and 17.5%, respectively. The ecosystem service supply areas were mainly located in the low hills, while the demand regions were mainly in the low plain areas. The ecological security index's decline in vitality was caused by the decrease in the pressure index, indicating that the ecological security showed an inevitable deterioration and increased pressure on the ecosystem. During the study period, the source of the five key obstacle factors changed from the state layer and response layer to the pressure layer. The accumulative degree of the five top obstacle factors was above 45%. Therefore, governments should grasp the key indicators to improve ecological security as this study provides the theoretical basis and scientific information for sustainable development.
人口增长和经济发展使环境问题更加严重，威胁着区域生态安全和可持续发展。目前，生态安全相关研究领域的大多数指标往往偏向社会经济，而忽视了对生态系统状况的描述。因此，本研究基于压力-状态-响应模型，构建了嵌入生态系统服务供需的评价指标体系，对 1990 年至 2015 年珠江三角洲的生态安全进行了评估，并确定了生态安全的关键障碍。研究结果表明，除粮食生产和生境质量外，土壤保持、碳固存和产水量均呈波动上升趋势。粮食需求、碳排放量和需水量分别大幅增加了 10.1%、769.4%和 17.5%。生态系统服务供给区主要位于低山丘陵区，而需求区主要位于低平原区。生态安全指数活力下降是由于压力指数下降所致，表明生态安全呈现出不可避免的恶化趋势，生态系统压力增大。研究期间，五个关键障碍因素的来源由状态层和响应层转变为压力层。五个首要障碍因素的累积度均在 45%以上。因此，政府应把握关键指标，提高生态安全水平，本研究为可持续发展提供了理论基础和科学信息。
