The Relationship between Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases of Fish Farm Household Members and Production Efficiency: The Case of Ghana.

Prior studies explored the production and technical efficiency of fish farms and farmers from the perspectives of factors such as credit access and cooperative membership. We focused on the chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) of household members and their quantitative impacts on fish farm production efficiency, based on data of earthen pond fish farms from two regions (Bono East and Ashanti) in Ghana. A data envelopment analysis (DEA) and the IV Tobit technique were employed for the study's analysis. From the study's observations, we draw the following conclusions. We found that the NCDs of household members indeed reduce farm production efficiency, and the heterogeneous impact of the NCDs of female members on farm production efficiency was more prominent than that of male members. Insights from this study suggest that the national government should provide farmers with the necessary medical care through the provision of subsidized health insurance, which can facilitate access to healthcare services. Moreover, NGOs and governments should encourage health literacy, i.e., organizing programs aimed at educating farmers on NCDs and their impact on agriculture.