Institute of Economics, Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, Shanghai 200020, China.
School of Public Finance and Administration, Shanghai Lixin University of Accounting and Finance, Shanghai 201620, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Mar 6;20(5):4648. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20054648.
Based on the panel data of prefecture-level cities in China from 2006 to 2019, this paper uses the PSM-DID method to empirically test the internal impact mechanism among high-speed railway opening, inter-regional factor allocation efficiency, and urban environmental governance. The research results show that: (1) There is a serious factor-misallocation problem among prefecture-level cities in China. From 2006 to 2019, the factor misallocation between prefecture-level cities led to an average annual loss of total factor productivity in China's economy of 52.5%, an average labor misallocation of 23.16%, and an average capital misallocation of 18.69%. Since 2013, capital misallocation has exceeded labor misallocation as the main reason for factor misallocation among prefecture-level cities in China. (2) The opening of high-speed railways can promote the efficiency of urban factor allocation through the technological innovation effect, the foreign investment attraction effect, and the population agglomeration effect. The improvement of urban factor allocation efficiency can promote the improvement of urban environmental quality through the effects of industrial structure optimization, income enhancement, and human capital agglomeration. Therefore, the opening of a high-speed railway can improve urban environmental quality through the intermediary effect of improving the efficiency of urban factor allocation; that is, the opening of a high-speed railway has a dual positive effect of economic efficiency and environmental quality improvement. (3) The optimization effect of factor allocation and the environmental governance effect of the opening of high-speed railways have strong urban scale heterogeneity, urban characteristic heterogeneity, and regional heterogeneity. The research content of this paper has important guiding significance for the construction of China's new development paradigm, accelerating the construction of "a unified national market," and green and low-carbon development.
基于中国 2006 年至 2019 年的地级市面板数据，本文运用 PSM-DID 方法实证检验了高速铁路开通、区域间要素配置效率和城市环境治理之间的内在影响机制。研究结果表明：（1）中国地级市之间存在严重的要素错配问题。2006 年至 2019 年，地级市之间的要素错配导致中国经济总要素生产率年均损失 52.5%，平均劳动力错配 23.16%，平均资本错配 18.69%。自 2013 年以来，资本错配已超过劳动力错配，成为中国地级市要素错配的主要原因。（2）高速铁路的开通可以通过技术创新效应、吸引外资效应和人口集聚效应来提高城市要素配置效率。城市要素配置效率的提高可以通过产业结构优化、收入提高和人力资本集聚效应来提高城市环境质量。因此，高速铁路的开通可以通过提高城市要素配置效率的中介效应来改善城市环境质量，即高速铁路的开通对经济效率和环境质量改善具有双重积极影响。（3）要素配置的优化效应和高速铁路开通的环境治理效应具有很强的城市规模异质性、城市特征异质性和区域异质性。本文的研究内容对中国新发展格局的构建、加快“全国统一大市场”建设和绿色低碳发展具有重要的指导意义。
