游乐场设计：对停留时间的影响及对身体活动的意义。
Playground Design: Contribution to Duration of Stay and Implications for Physical Activity.
机构信息
Kaiser Permanente Southern California Research and Evaluation, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA.
Studio Ludo, Philadelphia, PA 19143, USA.
出版信息
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Mar 6;20(5):4661. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20054661.
BACKGROUND
The study goal was to identify playground features associated with visitor length of stay and physical activity.
METHODS
We observed playground visitors over 4 days during summer 2021 in 60 playgrounds in 10 US cities, selected based on design, population density, and poverty levels. We observed 4278 visitors and documented their length of stay. We observed an additional 3713 visitors for 8 min, recording their playground location, activity level, and use of electronic media.
RESULTS
People stayed an average of 32 min (range 5 min-4 h). Stay time varied by group size, with larger groups staying longer. The presence of restrooms increased the likelihood of staying longer by 48%. Playground size, mature trees, swings, climbers, and spinners were associated with longer stays. When a teen was a part of the group observed, the group was 64% less likely to stay longer. The use of electronic media was associated with lower amounts of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity compared to non-media users.
CONCLUSIONS
To increase population-level physical activity and time spent outdoors, playground features associated with a longer stay should be considered when renovating or building new playgrounds.
背景
本研究旨在确定与游客停留时间和身体活动相关的游乐场特征。
方法
2021 年夏季，我们在美国 10 个城市的 60 个游乐场中，基于设计、人口密度和贫困水平选择了 4 天来观察游乐场游客，并记录了他们的停留时间。我们额外观察了 3713 名游客 8 分钟，记录了他们在游乐场的位置、活动水平和使用电子媒体的情况。
结果
人们平均停留 32 分钟（5 分钟至 4 小时）。停留时间因群体规模而异，群体规模越大停留时间越长。有厕所的游乐场增加了 48%的停留时间。游乐场的大小、成熟的树木、秋千、攀爬架和旋转器与停留时间较长有关。当观察到的群体中有青少年时，该群体停留时间更长的可能性降低了 64%。与非媒体使用者相比，使用电子媒体与较低水平的中等到剧烈的身体活动有关。
结论
为了增加人群的身体活动量和户外活动时间，在翻新或建造新游乐场时，应考虑与停留时间较长相关的游乐场特征。
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