Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, 4 Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Mar 1;24(5):4785. doi: 10.3390/ijms24054785.
Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus is a complex, chronic illness characterized by persistent high blood glucose levels. Patients can be prescribed anti-diabetes drugs as single agents or in combination depending on the severity of their condition. Metformin and empagliflozin are two commonly prescribed anti-diabetes drugs which reduce hyperglycemia, however their direct effects on macrophage inflammatory responses alone or in combination are unreported. Here, we show that metformin and empagliflozin elicit proinflammatory responses on mouse bone-marrow-derived macrophages with single agent challenge, which are modulated when added in combination. In silico docking experiments suggested that empagliflozin can interact with both TLR2 and DECTIN1 receptors, and we observed that both empagliflozin and metformin increase expression of and . Thus, findings from this study suggest that metformin and empagliflozin as single agents or in combination can directly modulate inflammatory gene expression in macrophages and upregulate the expression of their receptors.
2 型糖尿病是一种复杂的慢性疾病,其特征是持续的高血糖水平。根据病情的严重程度,患者可以单独或联合使用抗糖尿病药物。二甲双胍和恩格列净是两种常用的抗糖尿病药物,可降低高血糖,但它们单独或联合使用对巨噬细胞炎症反应的直接影响尚未见报道。在这里,我们表明二甲双胍和恩格列净在单一药物刺激下会引发小鼠骨髓来源的巨噬细胞的促炎反应,而当联合使用时,这些反应会被调节。计算机对接实验表明,恩格列净可以与 TLR2 和 DECTIN1 受体相互作用,我们观察到恩格列净和二甲双胍都可以增加 和 的表达。因此,这项研究的结果表明,二甲双胍和恩格列净单独或联合使用可以直接调节巨噬细胞中炎症基因的表达,并上调其受体的表达。
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