Barua Pranta, Hwang Inchan
Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea.
Materials (Basel). 2023 Mar 5;16(5):2110. doi: 10.3390/ma16052110.
In metal halide perovskites, charge transport in the bulk of the films is influenced by trapping and release and nonradiative recombination at ionic and crystal defects. Thus, mitigating the formation of defects during the synthesis process of perovskites from precursors is required for better device performance. An in-depth understanding of the nucleation and growth mechanisms of perovskite layers is crucial for the successful solution processing of organic-inorganic perovskite thin films for optoelectronic applications. In particular, heterogeneous nucleation, which occurs at the interface, must be understood in detail, as it has an effect on the bulk properties of perovskites. This review presents a detailed discussion on the controlled nucleation and growth kinetics of interfacial perovskite crystal growth. Heterogeneous nucleation kinetics can be controlled by modifying the perovskite solution and the interfacial properties of perovskites adjacent to the underlaying layer and to the air interface. As factors influencing the nucleation kinetics, the effects of surface energy, interfacial engineering, polymer additives, solution concentration, antisolvents, and temperature are discussed. The importance of the nucleation and crystal growth of single-crystal, nanocrystal, and quasi-two-dimensional perovskites is also discussed with respect to the crystallographic orientation.
在金属卤化物钙钛矿中,薄膜主体中的电荷传输受离子和晶体缺陷处的俘获与释放以及非辐射复合的影响。因此,为了获得更好的器件性能,需要在由前驱体制备钙钛矿的合成过程中减少缺陷的形成。深入了解钙钛矿层的成核和生长机制对于成功地通过溶液法制备用于光电器件的有机-无机钙钛矿薄膜至关重要。特别是在界面处发生的异质成核,必须详细了解,因为它会影响钙钛矿的整体性质。本文综述详细讨论了界面钙钛矿晶体生长的可控成核和生长动力学。异质成核动力学可通过改变钙钛矿溶液以及与下层和空气界面相邻的钙钛矿的界面性质来控制。作为影响成核动力学的因素,讨论了表面能、界面工程、聚合物添加剂、溶液浓度、反溶剂和温度的影响。还讨论了单晶、纳米晶和准二维钙钛矿的成核和晶体生长在晶体学取向方面的重要性。