Kumar Jitendra, Srivastava Priya, Bag Monojit
Advanced Research in Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India.
Centre of Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India.
Front Chem. 2022 Apr 13;10:842924. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2022.842924. eCollection 2022.
Remarkable improvement in the perovskite solar cell efficiency from 3.8% in 2009 to 25.5% today has not been a cakewalk. The credit goes to various device fabrication and designing techniques employed by the researchers worldwide. Even after tremendous research in the field, phenomena such as ion migration, phase segregation, and spectral instability are not clearly understood to date. One of the widely used techniques for the mitigation of ion migration is to reduce the defect density by fabricating the high-quality perovskite thin films. Therefore, understanding and controlling the perovskite crystallization and growth have become inevitably crucial. Some of the latest methods attracting attention are controlling perovskite film morphology by modulating the coating substrate temperature, antisolvent treatment, and solvent engineering. Here, the latest techniques of morphology optimization are discussed, focusing on the process of nucleation and growth. It can be noted that during the process of nucleation, the supersaturation stage can be induced faster by modifying the chemical potential of the system. The tailoring of Gibbs free energy and, hence, the chemical potential using the highly utilized techniques is summarized in this minireview. The thermodynamics of the crystal growth, design, and orientation by changing several parameters is highlighted.
钙钛矿太阳能电池的效率从2009年的3.8%显著提高到如今的25.5%，这并非易事。这归功于全球研究人员采用的各种器件制造和设计技术。即便该领域已经进行了大量研究，但至今离子迁移、相分离和光谱不稳定性等现象仍未被完全理解。减轻离子迁移的一种广泛使用的技术是通过制备高质量的钙钛矿薄膜来降低缺陷密度。因此，理解和控制钙钛矿的结晶与生长变得至关重要。一些引起关注的最新方法包括通过调节涂层基板温度、反溶剂处理和溶剂工程来控制钙钛矿薄膜的形态。在此，讨论了形态优化的最新技术，重点是成核和生长过程。可以注意到，在成核过程中，通过改变系统的化学势可以更快地诱导过饱和阶段。本综述总结了利用高度实用的技术对吉布斯自由能进而对化学势进行的调整。通过改变几个参数突出了晶体生长、设计和取向的热力学。
