School of Textile and Garment, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China.
China National Textile and Apparel Council Key Laboratory of Flexible Devices for Intelligent Textile and Apparel, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
Molecules. 2023 Feb 27;28(5):2228. doi: 10.3390/molecules28052228.
Porous carbon nanofibers (PCNFs) with excellent physical and chemical properties have been considered candidate materials for electrodes used in supercapacitors. Herein, we report a facile procedure to fabricate PCNFs through electrospinning blended polymers into nanofibers followed by pre-oxidation and carbonization. Polysulfone (PSF), high amylose starch (HAS), and phenolic resin (PR) are used as three different kinds of template pore-forming agents. The effects of pore-forming agents on the structure and properties of PCNFs have been systematically studied. The surface morphology, chemical components, graphitized crystallization, and pore characteristics of PCNFs are analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and nitrogen adsorption and desorption test, respectively. The pore-forming mechanism of PCNFs is analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Fabricated PCNF-R have a specific surface area as high as ~994 m/g, a total pore volume as high as ~0.75 cm/g, and a good graphitization degree. When PCNF-R are used as active materials to fabricate into electrodes, the PCNF-R electrodes show a high specific capacitance ~350 F/g, a good rate capability ~72.6%, a low internal resistance ~0.55 Ω, and an excellent cycling stability ~100% after 10,000 charging and discharging cycles. The design of low-cost PCNFs is expected to be widely applicable for the development of high-performance electrodes for an energy storage field.
具有优异物理化学性能的多孔碳纳米纤维（PCNFs）已被认为是超级电容器用电极的候选材料。在此，我们通过静电纺丝将共混聚合物纺成纳米纤维，然后进行预氧化和碳化，报告了一种制备 PCNFs 的简便方法。聚砜（PSF）、高直链淀粉（HAS）和酚醛树脂（PR）被用作三种不同类型的模板成孔剂。系统研究了成孔剂对 PCNFs 结构和性能的影响。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X 射线光电子能谱（XPS）、X 射线衍射（XRD）和氮吸附和脱附测试分别分析了 PCNFs 的表面形貌、化学组成、石墨化结晶和孔特征。通过差示扫描量热法（DSC）和热重分析（TGA）分析了 PCNFs 的成孔机制。制备的 PCNF-R 具有高达994 m/g 的比表面积、高达0.75 cm/g 的总孔体积和良好的石墨化程度。当将 PCNF-R 用作活性材料来制备电极时，PCNF-R 电极表现出高达350 F/g 的高比电容、72.6%的良好倍率性能、0.55 Ω 的低内阻和100%的出色循环稳定性，在 10000 次充放电循环后。低成本 PCNFs 的设计有望广泛适用于储能领域高性能电极的开发。
