Lim Kah Yen, Yasim-Anuar Tengku Arisyah Tengku, Sharip Nur Sharmila, Ujang Farhana Aziz, Husin Hazwani, Ariffin Hidayah, Md Tahir Paridah, Li Xinping, Lee Seng Hua, Yusof Mohd Termizi
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
Research and Development Department, Nextgreen Pulp & Paper Sdn Bhd, Taman Tun Dr Ismail, Kuala Lumpur 60000, Malaysia.
Polymers (Basel). 2023 Mar 1;15(5):1258. doi: 10.3390/polym15051258.
Lignin is a natural biopolymer with a complex three-dimensional network and it is rich in phenol, making it a good candidate for the production of bio-based polyphenol material. This study attempts to characterize the properties of green phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins produced through phenol substitution by the phenolated lignin (PL) and bio-oil (BO), extracted from oil palm empty fruit bunch black liquor. Mixtures of PF with varied substitution rates of PL and BO were prepared by heating a mixture of phenol-phenol substitute with 30 wt.% NaOH and 80% formaldehyde solution at 94 °C for 15 min. After that, the temperature was reduced to 80 °C before the remaining 20% formaldehyde solution was added. The reaction was carried out by heating the mixture to 94 °C once more, holding it for 25 min, and then rapidly lowering the temperature to 60 °C, to produce the PL-PF or BO-PF resins. The modified resins were then tested for pH, viscosity, solid content, FTIR, and TGA. Results revealed that the substitution of 5% PL into PF resins is enough to improve its physical properties. The PL-PF resin production process was also deemed environmentally beneficial, as it met 7 of the 8 Green Chemistry Principle evaluation criteria.
木质素是一种具有复杂三维网络结构的天然生物聚合物，富含酚类物质，这使其成为生产生物基多酚材料的理想选择。本研究旨在表征通过用从油棕空果串黑液中提取的酚化木质素（PL）和生物油（BO）替代苯酚而制备的绿色酚醛（PF）树脂的性能。通过在94°C下将苯酚 - 苯酚替代物与30 wt.% 的NaOH和80% 的甲醛溶液混合加热15分钟，制备了具有不同PL和BO替代率的PF混合物。之后，在加入剩余的20% 甲醛溶液之前，将温度降至80°C。通过再次将混合物加热至94°C，保持25分钟，然后迅速将温度降至60°C来进行反应，以生产PL - PF或BO - PF树脂。然后对改性树脂进行pH值、粘度、固含量、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和热重分析（TGA）测试。结果表明，将5% 的PL替代到PF树脂中足以改善其物理性能。PL - PF树脂的生产过程也被认为对环境有益，因为它符合8项绿色化学原则评估标准中的7项。
