Jia Tingting, Wu Yuankai, Liao Guancheng, Lei Yuxuan, Wu Zhengyu, Yang Fangji, Chen Jiamin, Xie Qian, Luo Chuming, Chong Yutian, Luo Huanle, Shu Yuelong
School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China.
School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
J Med Virol. 2023 Mar;95(3):e28662. doi: 10.1002/jmv.28662.
Whether the immune imprinting caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) affects the efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination has attracted global concern. Little is known about the dynamic changes of antibody response in SARS convalescents inoculated with three doses of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine although lack of cross-neutralizing antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in SARS survivors has been reported. We longitudinally examined the neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 as well as spikes binding IgA, IgG, IgM, IgG1, and IgG3 antibodies in 9 SARS-recovered donors and 21 SARS-naïve donors. Stably higher nAbs and spike antigens-specific IgA, IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were observed in SARS-recovered donors compared with SARS-naïve donors during the period with two doses of BBIBP-CorV vaccination. However, the third-dose BBIBP-CorV stimulated a sharply and shortly higher increase of nAbs in SARS-naïve donors than in SARS-recovered donors. It is worth noting that, regardless of prior SARS infection, the Omicron subvariants were found to subvert immune responses. Moreover, certain subvariants such as BA.2, BA.2.75, or BA.5 exhibited a high degree of immune evasion in SARS survivors. Interestingly, BBIBP-CorV recalled higher nAbs against SARS-CoV compared with SARS-CoV-2 in SARS-recovered donors. In SARS survivors, a single dose of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine provoked immune imprinting for the SARS antigen, providing protection against wild-type SARS-CoV-2, and the earlier variants of concern (VOCs) including Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta but not against Omicron subvariants. As such, it is important to evaluate the type and dosage of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine for SARS survivors.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒（SARS-CoV）引起的免疫印记是否会影响新型冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）疫苗接种的效率已引起全球关注。尽管已有报道称SARS康复者对SARS-CoV-2缺乏交叉中和抗体反应，但对于接种三剂灭活SARS-CoV-2疫苗的SARS康复者抗体反应的动态变化知之甚少。我们纵向检测了9名SARS康复者和21名未感染SARS者体内针对SARS-CoV和SARS-CoV-2的中和抗体（nAbs）以及刺突结合IgA、IgG、IgM、IgG1和IgG3抗体。在接种两剂BBIBP-CorV疫苗期间，与未感染SARS者相比，SARS康复者体内观察到针对SARS-CoV-2的nAbs以及刺突抗原特异性IgA、IgG抗体持续更高。然而，第三剂BBIBP-CorV刺激未感染SARS者体内的nAbs出现急剧且短暂的更高增幅，高于SARS康复者。值得注意的是，无论之前是否感染过SARS，均发现奥密克戎亚变体颠覆免疫反应。此外，某些亚变体如BA.2、BA.2.75或BA.5在SARS康复者中表现出高度的免疫逃逸。有趣的是，与针对SARS-CoV-2的nAbs相比，BBIBP-CorV在SARS康复者体内唤起了更高的针对SARS-CoV的nAbs。在SARS康复者中，单剂灭活SARS-CoV-2疫苗引发了针对SARS抗原的免疫印记，提供了针对野生型SARS-CoV-2以及包括阿尔法、贝塔、伽马和德尔塔在内的早期关注变体（VOCs）的保护，但对奥密克戎亚变体无效。因此，评估SARS康复者接种SARS-CoV-2疫苗的类型和剂量很重要。
