Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America.
Behavioral Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Contemp Clin Trials. 2023 May;128:107145. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2023.107145. Epub 2023 Mar 9.
Electronic cigarette (ECIG) use has become a popular method for nicotine delivery. Combustible cigarette (CC) cessation or reduction are the primary reasons for ECIG uptake among adults. Yet, most CC smokers who initiate ECIG use do not fully transition from CC to ECIG, despite intending to quit CC completely. Retraining approach bias, or the approach action tendency toward stimuli related to the substance of interest, has been effective in alcohol and CC use treatments. However, approach bias retraining for both CC and (ECIG) users has not been explored. Therefore, the objective of the study is to evaluate the initial efficacy of approach bias retraining among dual CC and ECIG users.
Eligible dual CC/ECIG using adults (N = 90) will complete a phone-screener, baseline assessment, 4 treatment sessions over 2 weeks, ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) post-intervention, and follow-ups at 4- and 6-week post-intervention. Participants will be assigned to one of three conditions at baseline: (1) CC + ECIG retraining; (2) CC only retraining; and (3) sham retraining. Participants will engage in a self-guided quit attempt to abstain from all nicotine products starting at treatment session 4.
The study may lead to a more effective treatment for at-risk nicotine users while simultaneously isolating explanatory mechanisms. The findings should guide advances in the theoretical conceptualization of nicotine addiction for dual users and mechanisms involved in maintaining and abstaining from CC and ECIG, and provide initial effect size data for a brief intervention, thus providing necessary data for a large-scale follow-up trial. Clinical Trials ID: NCT05306158.
电子烟（ECIG）的使用已成为尼古丁输送的一种流行方法。可燃香烟（CC）的戒烟或减少是成年人使用 ECIG 的主要原因。然而，大多数开始使用 ECIG 的 CC 吸烟者并没有完全从 CC 过渡到 ECIG，尽管他们打算完全戒掉 CC。重新训练接近偏差，即对与感兴趣物质相关的刺激的接近动作倾向，已在酒精和 CC 使用治疗中有效。然而，尚未探索 CC 和（ECIG）使用者的接近偏差再训练。因此，本研究的目的是评估双重 CC 和 ECIG 使用者的接近偏差再训练的初步效果。
符合条件的双重 CC/ECIG 使用成年人（N=90）将完成电话筛选、基线评估、2 周内的 4 次治疗、干预后的生态瞬时评估（EMA）以及干预后 4 至 6 周的随访。参与者将在基线时被分配到以下三种条件之一：（1）CC+ECIG 再训练；（2）仅 CC 再训练；和（3）假再训练。从治疗第 4 期开始，参与者将进行自我引导的戒烟尝试，戒除所有尼古丁产品。
该研究可能为有风险的尼古丁使用者提供更有效的治疗方法，同时分离出解释机制。研究结果应指导对双重使用者尼古丁成瘾的理论概念化的进展，以及涉及维持和戒除 CC 和 ECIG 的机制，并为简短干预提供初步的效果大小数据，从而为大规模随访试验提供必要的数据。临床试验 ID：NCT05306158。
