Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA.
University of Virginia, Blandy Experimental Farm, Boyce, VA 22620, USA.
Curr Opin Insect Sci. 2023 Apr;56:101020. doi: 10.1016/j.cois.2023.101020. Epub 2023 Mar 9.
Effects of climate on forest insect populations are complex, often involving drivers that are opposing, nonlinear, and nonadditive. Overall, climate change is driving an increase in outbreaks and range shifts. Links between climate and forest insect dynamics are becoming clearer; however, the underlying mechanisms remain less clear. Climate alters forest insect population dynamics directly through life history, physiology, and voltinism, and indirectly through effects on host trees and natural enemies. Climatic effects on bark beetles, wood-boring insects, and sap-suckers are often indirect, through effects on host-tree susceptibility, whereas climatic effects on defoliators are comparatively more direct. We recommend process-based approaches to global distribution mapping and population models to identify the underlying mechanisms and enable effective management of forest insects.
气候对森林昆虫种群的影响是复杂的，通常涉及相互矛盾、非线性和非加性的驱动因素。总体而言，气候变化正在导致爆发和分布范围转移的增加。气候与森林昆虫动态之间的联系变得更加清晰；然而，潜在的机制仍然不太清楚。气候通过生活史、生理学和世代交替直接改变森林昆虫种群动态，并通过对宿主树木和天敌的影响间接改变。对树皮甲虫、蛀木昆虫和吸汁昆虫的气候影响通常是间接的，通过对宿主树木易感性的影响，而对食叶昆虫的气候影响则相对更为直接。我们建议采用基于过程的方法进行全球分布制图和种群模型，以确定潜在机制，并有效管理森林昆虫。
