Riddet Institute, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand; School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95618, USA.
J Nutr. 2023 May;153(5):1373-1388. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.03.009. Epub 2023 Mar 10.
How starch-based food structure can affect the rate and extent of digestion in the small intestine and resulting glycemic response is not properly understood. One possible explanation is that food structure influences gastric digestion, which subsequently determines digestion kinetics in the small intestine and glucose absorption. However, this possibility has not been investigated in detail.
Using growing pigs as a digestion model for adult humans, this study aimed to investigate how physical structure of starch-rich foods affects small intestinal digestion and glycemic response.
Male growing pigs (21.7 ± 1.8 kg, Large White × Landrace) were fed one of the 6 cooked diets (250-g starch equivalent) with varying initial structures (rice grain, semolina porridge, wheat or rice couscous, or wheat or rice noodle). The glycemic response, small intestinal content particle size and hydrolyzed starch content, ileal starch digestibility, and portal vein plasma glucose were measured. Glycemic response was measured as plasma glucose concentration collected from an in-dwelling jugular vein catheter for up to 390 min postprandial. Portal vein blood samples and small intestinal content were measured after sedation and euthanasia of the pigs at 30, 60, 120, or 240 min postprandial. Data were analyzed with a mixed-model ANOVA.
The plasma glucose Δmax and iAUC for couscous and porridge diets (smaller-sized diets) were higher than that of intact grain and noodle diets (larger-sized diets): 29.0 ± 3.2 compared with 21.7 ± 2.6 mg/dL and 5659 ± 727 compared with 2704 ± 521 mg/dL⋅min, for the smaller-sized and larger-sized diets, respectively (P < 0.05). Ileal starch digestibility was not significantly different between the diets (P ≥ 0.05). The iAUC was inversely related to the starch gastric emptying half-time of the diets (r = -0.90, P = 0.015).
Starch-based food structure affected the glycemic response and starch digestion kinetics in the small intestine of growing pigs.
淀粉类食物的结构如何影响小肠的消化速度和程度，以及由此产生的血糖反应，目前还没有得到很好的理解。一种可能的解释是，食物结构会影响胃的消化，进而决定小肠的消化动力学和葡萄糖吸收。然而，这一可能性尚未得到详细研究。
本研究以生长猪为成人消化模型，旨在探讨富含淀粉的食物的物理结构如何影响小肠消化和血糖反应。
雄性生长猪（21.7 ± 1.8 kg，大白 × 长白）喂食 6 种煮熟的饮食中的一种（250 g 淀粉当量），其初始结构不同（米粒、粗粒小麦粉粥、小麦或大米通心粉，或小麦或大米面条）。测量血糖反应、小肠内容物颗粒大小和水解淀粉含量、回肠淀粉消化率以及门静脉血浆葡萄糖。血糖反应通过在餐后 390 分钟内从颈内静脉留置导管收集的血浆葡萄糖浓度来测量。在猪餐后 30、60、120 或 240 分钟镇静和安乐死后，测量门静脉血液样本和小肠内容物。使用混合模型方差分析对数据进行分析。
通心粉和粥饮食（较小粒径饮食）的血浆葡萄糖 Δmax 和 iAUC 高于完整谷物和面条饮食（较大粒径饮食）：29.0 ± 3.2 与 21.7 ± 2.6 mg/dL 和 5659 ± 727 与 2704 ± 521 mg/dL·min，分别用于较小粒径和较大粒径饮食（P < 0.05）。饮食之间的回肠淀粉消化率没有显著差异（P ≥ 0.05）。iAUC 与饮食的淀粉胃排空半衰期呈负相关（r = -0.90，P = 0.015）。
淀粉类食物的结构影响了生长猪的血糖反应和小肠内的淀粉消化动力学。
