School of Public Health and Sport Science, University of Exeter, UK.
School of Sociology, Philosophy and Anthropology, University of Exeter, UK.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2023 May;148:105115. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105115. Epub 2023 Mar 9.
Under the Predictive Processing Framework, perception is guided by internal models that map the probabilistic relationship between sensory states and their causes. Predictive processing has contributed to a new understanding of both emotional states and motor control but is yet to be fully applied to their interaction during the breakdown of motor movements under heightened anxiety or threat. We bring together literature on anxiety and motor control to propose that predictive processing provides a unifying principle for understanding motor breakdowns as a disruption to the neuromodulatory control mechanisms that regulate the interactions of top-down predictions and bottom-up sensory signals. We illustrate this account using examples from disrupted balance and gait in populations who are anxious/fearful of falling, as well as 'choking' in elite sport. This approach can explain both rigid and inflexible movement strategies, as well as highly variable and imprecise action and conscious movement processing, and may also unite the apparently opposing self-focus and distraction approaches to choking. We generate predictions to guide future work and propose practical recommendations.
在预测加工框架下，感知受到内部模型的引导，这些模型映射了感觉状态及其原因之间的概率关系。预测加工有助于人们对情绪状态和运动控制有新的理解，但尚未充分应用于在焦虑或威胁下运动行为崩溃时它们之间的相互作用。我们综合焦虑和运动控制方面的文献，提出预测加工为理解运动行为崩溃提供了一个统一的原则，即运动行为崩溃是调节自上而下的预测和自下而上的感觉信号相互作用的神经调节控制机制的中断。我们使用在害怕跌倒的焦虑人群中出现的平衡和步态紊乱以及精英运动员的“怯场”的例子来说明这一解释。这种方法可以解释刻板和僵化的运动策略，以及高度可变和不精确的动作和意识运动处理，也可能统一看似对立的自我关注和分心方法来解释怯场。我们生成预测来指导未来的工作，并提出了实际建议。
