Briyal Seema, Ranjan Amaresh K, Gulati Anil
College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA.
College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA.
Neurochem Int. 2023 May;165:105509. doi: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105509. Epub 2023 Mar 11.
Oxidative stress has been established as a well-known pathological condition in several neurovascular diseases. It starts with increased production of highly oxidizing free-radicals (e.g. reactive oxygen species; ROS and reactive nitrogen species; RNS) and becomes too high for the endogenous antioxidant system to neutralize them, which results in a significantly disturbed balance between free-radicals and antioxidants levels and causes cellular damage. A number of studies have evidently shown that oxidative stress plays a critical role in activating multiple cell signaling pathways implicated in both progression as well as initiation of neurological diseases. Therefore, oxidative stress continues to remain a key therapeutic target for neurological diseases. This review discusses the mechanisms involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the brain, oxidative stress, and pathogenesis of neurological disorders such as stroke and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the scope of antioxidant therapies for these disorders.
氧化应激已被确认为几种神经血管疾病中一种众所周知的病理状态。它始于高氧化性自由基（如活性氧物种；ROS和活性氮物种；RNS）生成增加，且生成量过高，内源性抗氧化系统无法将其中和，这导致自由基与抗氧化剂水平之间的平衡受到显著干扰，并造成细胞损伤。大量研究已明确表明，氧化应激在激活与神经疾病进展及发病均相关的多个细胞信号通路中起关键作用。因此，氧化应激仍然是神经疾病的一个关键治疗靶点。本综述讨论了大脑中活性氧物种（ROS）生成、氧化应激以及中风和阿尔茨海默病（AD）等神经疾病发病机制所涉及的机制，以及这些疾病的抗氧化治疗范围。
