Blood calcium concentration and performance in periparturient and early lactating dairy cows is influenced by plant bioactive lipid compounds.

Previous studies ex vivo suggested that plant bioactive lipid compounds (PBLC) can increase ruminal calcium absorption. Therefore, we hypothesized that PBLC feeding around calving may potentially counteract hypocalcemia and support performance in postpartum dairy cows. The corresponding aim of the study was to investigate the effect of PBLC feeding on blood minerals in Brown Swiss (BS) and hypocalcemia-susceptible Holstein Friesian (HF) cows during the period from d -2 to 28 relative to calving and on milk performance until d 80 of lactation. A total of 29 BS cows and 41 HF cows were divided each into a control (CON) and PBLC treatment group. The latter was supplemented with 1.7 g/d menthol-rich PBLC from 8 d before expected calving to 80 d postpartum. Milk yield and composition, body condition score and blood minerals were measured. Feeding PBLC induced a significant breed × treatment interaction for iCa, supporting that PBLC increased iCa exclusively in HF cows; the increase was 0.03 mM over the whole period and 0.05 mM from d 1 to 3 after calving. Subclinical hypocalcemia was seen in one BS-CON and 8 HF-CON cows and 2 BS-PBLC and 4 HF-PBLC cows. Clinical milk fever was detected only in HF cows (2 HF-CON and one HF-PBLC). Other tested blood minerals, such as sodium, chloride, and potassium, as well as blood glucose, were neither affected by PBLC feeding nor breed, nor were their 2-way interactions, except for higher sodium levels in PBLC cows on d 21. Body condition score showed no effect of treatment, except for a lower body condition score in BS-PBLC compared with BS-CON at d 14. Dietary PBLC increased milk yield, milk fat yield, and milk protein yield at 2 consecutive dairy herd improvement test days. As indicated by treatment × day interactions, energy-corrected milk yield and milk lactose yield were increased by PBLC on the first test day only, and milk protein concentration decreased from test d 1 to test d 2 in CON only. The concentrations of fat, lactose, and urea, as well as somatic cell count, were not affected by treatment. The weekly milk yield over the first 11 wk of lactation was 29.5 kg/wk higher for PBLC versus CON across breeds. It is concluded that the applied PBLC induced a small but measurable improvement of calcium status in HF cows in the study period and had additional positive effects on milk performance in both breeds.