Enhanced Oil Recovery Research Center, School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
Department of Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Petroleum, Gas, and Petrochemical Engineering, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran.
Sci Rep. 2023 Mar 12;13(1):4100. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-31379-0.
Due to population growth, the need for energy, especially fossil fuels, is increased every year. Since the costs of exploring new reservoirs and drilling new wells are very high, most reservoirs have passed their first and second periods of life, and it is necessary to use EOR methods. Water-based enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods are one of the popular methods in this field. In this method, due to the possibility of emulsion formation is high, and by creating a stable emulsion, viscosity and mobility improved. In this study, the parameters affecting the stability and viscosity of the emulsion have been investigated step by step. In the first step, 50% (v/v) of water has been selected as the best water cut. The type of salt and its best concentration was evaluated in the second step by measuring the average droplets size. The third step investigated the effect of SiO nanoparticles and surfactant (span80) on emulsion stability and viscosity. According to the results, the best amount of water cut was 50% due to the maximum viscosity. In salts the yield was as follows: MgCl > CaCl > MgSO > NaSO > NaCl. The best yield was related to MgCl at a concentration of 10,000 ppm. Finally, it was shown that the synergy of nanoparticles and surfactants resulted in higher stability and viscosity than in the case where each was used alone. It should be noted that the optimal concentration of nanoparticles is equal to 0.1% (w/w), and the optimal concentration of surfactant is equal to 200 ppm. In general, a stable state was obtained in 50% water-cut with MgCl salt at a concentration of 10,000 ppm and in the presence of SiO nanoparticles at a concentration of 0.1% and span 80 surfactants at a concentration of 200 ppm. The results obtained from this study provide important insights for optimal selection of the water-based EOR operation parameters. Viscosity showed a similar trend with stability and droplet size. As the average particle size decreased (or stability increased), the emulsion viscosity increased.
由于人口增长，对能源的需求，特别是对化石燃料的需求，每年都在增加。由于勘探新储层和钻井新油井的成本非常高，大多数储层已经过了它们的第一和第二生命周期，因此必须使用提高采收率（EOR）方法。水基提高采收率（EOR）方法是该领域的热门方法之一。在这种方法中，由于形成乳状液的可能性很高，通过形成稳定的乳状液，提高了粘度和流动性。在这项研究中，逐步研究了影响乳状液稳定性和粘度的参数。在第一步中，选择 50%（v/v）的水作为最佳水驱。在第二步中，通过测量平均液滴尺寸来评估盐的类型及其最佳浓度。第三步研究了 SiO2 纳米粒子和表面活性剂（span80）对乳状液稳定性和粘度的影响。结果表明，由于最大粘度，最佳水驱为 50%。在盐中，产率如下：MgCl2>CaCl2>MgSO4>Na2SO4>NaCl。最佳产率与 10000 ppm 的 MgCl2 有关。最后，结果表明纳米粒子和表面活性剂的协同作用导致稳定性和粘度高于每种物质单独使用的情况。应该注意的是，纳米粒子的最佳浓度等于 0.1%（w/w），表面活性剂的最佳浓度等于 200 ppm。一般来说，在 50%水驱下，MgCl2 盐浓度为 10000 ppm，存在 SiO2 纳米粒子浓度为 0.1%和 span80 表面活性剂浓度为 200 ppm 时，可获得稳定状态。本研究结果为最佳选择水基 EOR 操作参数提供了重要的见解。粘度与稳定性和液滴尺寸呈相似趋势。随着平均粒径减小（或稳定性增加），乳液粘度增加。
