Improved production of class I lanthipeptides in .

Lanthipeptides are ribosomally synthesised and post-translationally modified peptides containing lanthionine (Lan) and methyllanthionine (MeLan) residues that are formed by dehydration of Ser/Thr residues followed by conjugate addition of Cys to the resulting dehydroamino acids. Class I lanthipeptide dehydratases utilize glutamyl-tRNA as a co-substrate to glutamylate Ser/Thr followed by glutamate elimination. Here we report a new system to heterologously express class I lanthipeptides in through co-expression of the producing organism's glutamyl-tRNA synthetase (GluRS) and tRNA pair in the vector pEVOL. In contrast to the results in the absence of the pEVOL system, we observed the production of fully-dehydrated peptides, including epilancin 15X, and peptides from the and . A second common obstacle to production of lanthipeptides in is the formation of glutathione adducts. LanC-like (LanCL) enzymes were previously reported to add glutathione to dehydroamino-acid-containing proteins in Eukarya. Herein, we demonstrate that the LanCL enzymes can remove GSH adducts from -glutathionylated peptides with dl- or ll-lanthionine stereochemistry. These two advances will aid synthetic biology-driven genome mining efforts to discover new lanthipeptides.