Cardona Margalida, Andrés Pilar
Neuropsychology and Cognition Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
Front Aging Neurosci. 2023 Feb 23;15:1075563. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1075563. eCollection 2023.
Social isolation and loneliness are associated with poor health (immunity, inflammation, etc.) in ageing. The purpose of this scoping review was to investigate the link between social isolation, loneliness (as distinct constructs, in contrast to previous published work) and cognition in cognitively healthy older adults.
We followed PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Our search, conducted between January 2017 and April 2021, yielded 2,673 articles, of which, twelve longitudinal studies were finally identified as meeting the inclusion criteria. Multiple cognitive functions (short-term and episodic memory, attention, and global cognitive functioning) were measured.
The results showed that both social isolation and loneliness were associated with poor cognition in ageing, with depression as a possible mediator between loneliness and poor cognition. Some studies also suggested that the link between social isolation, loneliness and cognitive decline may be bidirectional.
We conclude that both social isolation and loneliness may have a different impact on cognition. While depression may be an important mediator between loneliness and cognitive decline, the lack of cognitive stimulation may be a greater mediator between social isolation and cognitive health.
社会隔离和孤独与衰老过程中的健康状况不佳（免疫力、炎症等）相关。本综述的目的是研究认知健康的老年人中社会隔离、孤独（与以往发表的研究不同，作为不同的概念）与认知之间的联系。
我们遵循PRISMA-ScR指南。2017年1月至2021年4月期间进行的检索共得到2673篇文章，其中最终确定有12项纵向研究符合纳入标准。对多种认知功能（短期和情景记忆、注意力以及整体认知功能）进行了测量。
结果表明，社会隔离和孤独均与衰老过程中的认知能力下降相关，抑郁可能是孤独与认知能力下降之间的一个中介因素。一些研究还表明，社会隔离、孤独与认知衰退之间的联系可能是双向的。
我们得出结论，社会隔离和孤独可能对认知产生不同的影响。虽然抑郁可能是孤独与认知衰退之间的一个重要中介因素，但缺乏认知刺激可能是社会隔离与认知健康之间更大的中介因素。
