Ling Yushi, Tan Liu, Zhang Liyi, Cao Guikang
Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
The High School Attached to Hunan Normal University-Meixihu High School, Changsha, China.
Front Psychol. 2023 Feb 23;14:1056045. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1056045. eCollection 2023.
Previously published studies on the effect of how different levels of unconsciousness (UC) and different loads of executive functions (EFs) affect insight problem solving are inconsistent. In a set of three experiments, we used scientific innovation problems (SIP) as insight metrics and distractor tasks to induce UC. Experiment 1 confirmed that, compared with conscious processing, unconscious processing is more conducive to obtaining prototype heuristics for correctly solving scientific innovation problems creatively. Furthermore, Experiment 2 found that different levels of unconscious processing, which were induced by different distractor tasks, made a different impact on high or low difficulty creative problem solving. Experiment 3 indicated that unconscious processing could improve prototype activation and the ability to use key heuristics information in prototype heuristics processing by improving working memory, inhibitory control, and shifting ability of EFs. Overall, the present results provide additional evidence for the role of consciousness levels in insight problem solving.
先前发表的关于不同程度的无意识状态（UC）和不同负荷的执行功能（EFs）如何影响顿悟问题解决的研究结果并不一致。在一组三个实验中，我们使用科学创新问题（SIP）作为顿悟指标，并通过干扰任务来诱导无意识状态。实验1证实，与有意识加工相比，无意识加工更有利于获得原型启发式，从而创造性地正确解决科学创新问题。此外，实验2发现，由不同干扰任务诱导的不同程度的无意识加工，对高难度或低难度创造性问题解决产生了不同的影响。实验3表明，无意识加工可以通过提高执行功能的工作记忆、抑制控制和转换能力，来改善原型激活以及在原型启发式加工中使用关键启发式信息的能力。总体而言，目前的结果为意识水平在顿悟问题解决中的作用提供了额外的证据。
